Command List
Here are a list of commands that the observer can run.
abs
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
the number whose absolute value is to be determined |
Description:
Reports the absolute value of number.
acos
number
Parameters:
Description:
Trigonometric function. Returns the arccosine of number. All angles returned are in degrees.
Related Commands:
asin
atan
cos
sin
tan
alive?-of
who number
Parameters:
who number |
Integer |
The who id of a turtle |
Description:
Returns a boolean. If the turtle with the given who number is alive, it returns true. If the turtle with the given who number is not alive it returns false.
This command is useful when looping over a set of turtle who-numbers. Since each turtle may die between the time you get the who numbers and the time you ask it about itself, you should check alive?-of
before using it. A better way to loop over a set of turtles is to use grab
because grabbed turtles that try to die will not be allowed to completely die until they are let go.
Examples:
alive?-of 2
returns true when the turtle with who number 2 is alive.
Related Commands:
alive?
condition1
and
condition2
Parameters:
condition1 |
Boolean |
|
condition2 |
Boolean |
|
Description:
Reports true if condition1 and condition2 report true.
Related Commands:
not
or
xor
asin
number
Parameters:
Description:
Trigonometric function. Returns the arcsine of number. All angles returned are in degrees.
Related Commands:
acos
sin
tan
ask-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of turtle commands to run |
Description:
Asks all turtles of breed frogs
to run [list of commands]
. The observer will wait for all of the turtles to finish before continuing.
Examples:
ask-frogs [fd 1 rt 90]
will make all turtles of breed frogs
move forward one step and then turn 90 degrees to the right.
Related Commands:
ask-breed-with
ask-list-of-turtles
ask-patch-at
ask-patches
ask-turtle
ask-turtles
ask-turtles-with
ask-breed-with
[condition] [list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to either true or false |
[list-of-commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands to run |
Description:
This observer command asks all of the turtles of the breed specified that satisfy [condition] to run the [list-of-commands]. The observer will wait for the turtles to finish before moving on.
Examples:
ask-frogs-with [color = green] [fd 1]
has all of the turtles of color green and breed frogs move forward 1
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-list-of-turtles
[list of turtle who numbers] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of turtle who numbers] |
List |
A list of turtle who numbers to ask |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands to ask these turtles to run |
Description:
Turtles whose who numbers (ID numbers) are in
[list of turtle who numbers] run
[list of commands]. The caller of this command waits for it to finish before continuing. If some invalid whonumbers make up
[list of turtle who numbers], they are ignored.
Asking a list of turtles to do something is a moderately expensive operation since StarLogo creates a thread for each turtle. Try to group commands that you would have put into separate ask-list-of-turtles
into the same one to minimize thread creation overhead.
Examples:
ask-list-of-turtles [4 6 10 14] [fd 1]
makes 4 turtles (those with who numbers 4, 6, 10, and 14) move forward one step.
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-patch-at
ask-patches
ask-turtle
ask-turtles
ask-turtles-with
ask-patch-at
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of patch commands |
A list of commands for the patch to run |
Description:
This command asks the patch which is xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to run the [list of commands]
. The caller of this command will wait for the patch to finish before moving on. The observer is considered to be located at (0, 0).
Examples:
ask-patch-at 5 6 [setpc red]
makes the patch 5 units to the right and 6 units up from the caller turn red.
ask-patch-at -3 -8 [setpc blue]
makes the patch 3 units to the left and 8 units down from the caller turn blue.
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-list-of-turtles
ask-patches
ask-patches-with
ask-turtle
ask-turtles
ask-turtles-with
ask-patches
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of patch commands |
A list of commands for the patches to run |
Description:
This observer command asks all of the patches to run the
[list of commands]
. The observer will wait for the patches to finish before moving on.
Asking the patches to do something is a moderately expensive operation since StarLogo creates a thread for each patch. Try to group commands that you would have put into separate ask-patches
into the same one to minimize thread creation overhead.
Examples:
ask-patches [setpc red]
colors all of the patches red.
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-list-of-turtles
ask-patch-at
ask-turtle
ask-turtles
ask-turtles-with
setbg
ask-patches-with
[condition] [list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of patch commands |
list of commands that evaluates to either true or false |
[list-of-commands] |
Number |
list of commands to run |
Description:
This observer command asks all of the patches that satisfy [condition] to run the [list-of-commands]. The observer will wait for the patches to finish before moving on.
Examples:
ask-patches-with [pc = red] [setpc blue]
colors all of the red patches blue
Related Commands:
ask-patch-at
ask-turtle
who number [list of commands]
Parameters:
who number |
Integer |
The who number of a turtle |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtle to run |
Description:
This command asks the turtle with who number number to run the [list of commands]
. The caller will wait for the turtle to finish before moving on.
Examples:
ask-turtle 5 [fd 1]
makes the turtle with who number 5 move forward 1 step.
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-list-of-turtles
ask-patch-at
ask-patches
ask-turtles
ask-turtles-with
ask-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run |
Description:
Asks all turtles to run the
[list of commands]
. The observer will wait for all of the turtles to finish before continuing.
Asking all of the turtles to do something is a moderately expensive operation since StarLogo creates a thread for each turtle. Try to group commands that you would have put into separate ask-turtles
into the same one to minimize thread creation overhead.
Examples:
ask-turtles [fd 1]
will make all of the turtles move forward 1 step.
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-list-of-turtles
ask-patch-at
ask-patches
ask-turtle
ask-turtles-with
ask-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run |
Description:
This observer command asks turtles satisfying [condition]
to run the [list of commands]
.
Asking many turtles to do something is a moderately expensive operation since StarLogo creates a thread for each turtle. Try to group commands that you would have put into separate ask-turtles-with
into the same one to minimize thread creation overhead.
Examples:
ask-turtles-with [color = red] [fd 1]
tells all red turtles to move forward one step.
Related Commands:
ask-breed
ask-list-of-turtles
ask-patch-at
ask-patches
ask-turtle
ask-turtles
atan
numerator denominator
Parameters:
numerator |
Number |
|
denominator |
Number |
|
Description:
Trigonometric function. Returns the arctangent of the specified number numerator/denominator. All angles returned are in degrees.
Related Commands:
acos
sin
tan
average-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the frogs to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
.
Examples:
average-of-frogs [speed]
returns the average speed of all the turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
average-of-patches
average-of-turtles
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
average-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition].
Examples:
average-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the average speed of all the red turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
average-of-patches-with
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
average-of-list
[list of values]
Parameters:
[list of values] |
List |
List of values to average |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of values in the given list.
Examples:
average-of-list [1 2 3 4 5]
returns 3
Notes:
If [list of values] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of values] are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
max-of-list
median-of-list
min-of-list
mode-of-list
sdev-of-list
sum-of-list
variance-of-list
average-of-patches
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of patch commands |
A list of commands for the patches to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the patches.
Examples:
average-of-patches [pc]
returns the average of the patch color of all of the patches.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
median-of-patches
min-of-patches
mode-of-patches
sum-of-patches
variance-of-patches
average-of-patches-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of patch commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of patch commands |
A list of commands for the patches to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the patches that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition].
Examples:
average-of-patches-with [color = red] [food]
returns the average food of all the red patches
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
median-of-patches-with
min-of-patches-with
mode-of-patches-with
sum-of-patches-with
variance-of-patches-with
average-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles.
Examples:
average-of-turtles [speed]
returns the average speed of all the turtles.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
average-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical average of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition].
Examples:
average-of-turtles-with [color = red] [energy]
returns the average energy of all the red turtles.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
integer1
bitand
integer2
Parameters:
integer1 |
Integer |
First argument |
integer2 |
Integer |
Second argument |
Description:
Reports the value of bitwise-and on the inputs.
Examples:
2 bitand 3
returns 2
. This statement is executed in binary form as 0010 and 0011
, which returns 0010
.
Related Commands:
bitnot
bitor
bitxor
bitnot
value
Parameters:
value |
Integer |
The argument to be negated |
Description:
Reports the bitwise-negation of its input.
Examples:
bitnot 4
returns -5
. The negation of 00000100
is 11111011
.
Related Commands:
bitand
integer1
bitor
integer2
Parameters:
integer1 |
Integer |
First argument |
integer2 |
Integer |
Second argument |
Description:
Reports the bitwise-or of the inputs.
Examples:
1 bitor 2
returns 3
. This statement is executed in binary form as 0001 or 0010
which returns 0011
.
Related Commands:
bitand
integer1
bitxor
integer2
Parameters:
integer1 |
Integer |
First argument |
integer2 |
Integer |
Second argument |
Description:
Reports the value of the bitwise-exclusive-or of the inputs.
Examples:
2 bitxor 3
returns 1
. This statement is executed in binary form as 0010 xor 0011
which returns 0001
.
Related Commands:
bitand
black
Description:
Reports 0, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
blue
Description:
Reports 105, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
breed-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
offset in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
offset in the y direction |
Description:
Reports the breed of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
breed-at 5 7
returns the breed of the turtle 5
units to the right and 7
units up from the caller.
Related Commands:
breed
breed-of
breed-towards
setbreed-at
breed-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Integer |
id number of the turtle |
Description:
Reports the breed of the turtle with ID number.
Examples:
if breed-of 4 = frog [fd 1]
makes all the turtles move one step forward if the turtle which who number 4
is of breed frog
.
Related Commands:
breed
breed-at
breed-towards
setbreed-of
breed-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
Description:
Reports the breed of the turtle distance
away at an angle
of angle.
Examples:
breed-towards 0 1
returns the breed of the turtle one patch ahead of the patch or turtle given the instruction.
Related Commands:
breed
breed-at
breed-of
setbreed-towards
breeds
[breed1 breed2 ...]
Parameters:
[breed1 breed2 ...] |
List or string |
A list of breed names (usually plural) |
Description:
At the top of the Observer or Turtle command centers, place this command:
breeds [frogs toads]
to declare your turtles to have two different breeds, frogs
and toads
. Once you have done this, you may use any command in the Breeds
category to run only on the breed of turtles that you have created.
Examples:
breeds [frogs toads]
to setup
create-frogs 100
create-toads 40
ask-frogs [hop]
ask-toads [ribbit]
end
Related Commands:
patches-own
turtles-own
brown
Description:
Reports 35, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
butfirst (bf)
value
Parameters:
value |
List or string |
A list of data or a string |
Description:
When passed a list,
butfirst
returns a new list
[list of data]
with the first item removed. The input list is not changed.
When passed a string, butfirst
returns a new string with the first character removed. The input string is not changed.
Examples:
butfirst [4 5 6 7]
returns [5 6 7]
.
Related Commands:
butlast
first
last
lput
sentence
butlast (bl)
value
Parameters:
value |
List or string |
The list of data or string to operate on |
Description:
When given a list of data, returns the new value of value with the last item removed. The input list is not changed.
When given a string, returns a new string with the last character removed. The input string is not changed.
Examples:
butlast [4 5 6 7]
returns [4 5 6]
.
Related Commands:
butfirst
first
last
lput
sentence
case
variable [ anything1 [list-of-commands1] anything2 [list-of-commands2] ]
Parameters:
variable |
Variable |
variable to check |
[ anything1 [list-of-commands1] |
List of commands |
value to match and commands to run |
anything2 [list-of-commands2] ] |
List of commands |
value to match and commands to run |
Description:
Checks if the first argument
variable is equal to any of the anythings
in the list. If it is equal, the corresponding [list of commands]
is executed and control skips to the end of the case statement. A case statement can often be used in place of nested ifelse
statements. If nothing matches, no [lists of commands]
are executed and control skips to the end of the case statement. You can use true as one of your anythings as a default case.
Examples:
case energy
[
1 [setc blue]
2 [setc yellow]
3 [setc red]
true [setc white]
]
This command will set the turtle's color to blue if energy is 1, yellow if energy is 2, red if energy is 3 and white in any other case.
Notes:
The first input can be an expression as well as a variable.
clear-command-center (cc)
Description:
Clears the command center it is called from. An observer calling cc
will clear the observer command center while a turtle calling cc
will clear the turtle command center.
clear-graphics (cg)
Description:
Sets all patches to black.
clear-info (clearinfo)
Description:
Clears the Information Window.
Related Commands:
clear-output
clear-output (co)
Description:
Clears all the text in the output window.
Related Commands:
clear-info
clear-patches
Description:
Sets all patches to black and resets all patch variables to 0.
clear-plot (clearplot)
Description:
Clears everything drawn by all plot pens in the current plot window, and resets all pens to (0, 0) and their original colors.
Related Commands:
clearplots
plot
clear-turtles (clearturtles) (ct)
Description:
Clears (kills) all of the turtles.
clearall (ca) (clear-all)
Description:
Kills all turtles, sets all patches to black, and resets all variables to 0.
color-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
units in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the color of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller .
Examples:
color-at 1 1
reports the color of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the patch or turtle given the command.
Related Commands:
color
color-of
color-towards
setc-at
color-of
number
Parameters:
Description:
Reports the color of the turtle with who number number.
Examples:
color-of 2
returns the color number of the turtle with who-number 2
Related Commands:
color
color-at
color-towards
setc-of
color-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the color of the turtle distance away at an angle of angle from the caller. Note that the angle is measured from the direction the caller is facing.
Examples:
color-towards 0 1
reports the color of the turtle one patch directly ahead of the caller.
Related Commands:
color
color-at
color-of
setc-towards
copy-list
[list]
Parameters:
[list] |
List |
original list to be copied |
Description:
Returns a copy of [list] such that if you edit the copy, you will not edit the original.
Examples:
copy-list [1 2 3]
returns the list [1 2 3].
Related Commands:
list
make-list
sentence
cos
angle
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle in degrees |
Description:
Trigonometry function. Returns the cosine of angle. All angles are in degrees.
Related Commands:
acos
sin
tan
count-breed
Description:
Returns the number of turtles whose breed is frogs.
Related Commands:
count-breed-at
count-breed-here
count-breed-towards
count-breed-with
count-turtles
count-breed-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
units in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles whose breed is frogs which are xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Related Commands:
count-breed
count-breed-here
count-breed-towards
count-breed-with
count-turtles-at
count-breed-at-with
xcor ycor [condition]
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles of the breed specified that are xcor units away in the x-direction and ycor units away in the y-direction from the caller, and also satisfy [condition].
Examples:
if count-cars-at-with 1 1 [color = red] > 1 [fd 1]
will have all of the turtles move forward who have more than one red turtle of breed cars 1 unit away in the x-direction and 1 unit away in the y-direction
count-breed-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the direction the caller is facing |
distance |
Number |
distance away from the caller |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles whose breed is frogs which are located at the patch distance away at angle angle.
Examples:
count-frogs-towards 0 1
returns the number of turthles whose breed is frogs one patch ahead of the caller.
Notes:
Note the angle is measured from the direction the caller is facing.
Related Commands:
count-breed
count-breed-at
count-breed-here
count-breed-with
count-turtles-towards
count-breed-towards-with
angle distance [condition]
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles of the breed specified that are distance units away at an angle of angle from the caller, that also satisfy [condition].
Examples:
if count-molecules-towards 0 1 [color = blue] > 1 [fd 1]
will have all of the turtles with more than one blue turtle of breed molecules directly in front of them move forwards one space.
count-breed-with
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
condition to determine whether a frog is counted |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles whose breed is frogs and satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by [list of commands].
Examples:
count-frogs-with [color = blue]
returns the number of blue frogs.
Related Commands:
count-breed
count-breed-at
count-breed-here
count-breed-towards
count-turtles-with
count-color
color
Parameters:
color |
Number |
color of turtles to be counted |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles that are the color color.
Examples:
count-color black
returns the number of black turtles.
Related Commands:
count-color-range
count-pc
count-pc-range
count-color-range
mincolor maxcolor
Parameters:
mincolor |
Number |
low end of range of color of turtles to be counted |
maxcolor |
Number |
high end of range of color of turtles to be counted |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles that have colors between mincolor and maxcolor, inclusive.
Examples:
count-color-range 13.5 16.5
returns the number of turtles who are red (15) or within 1.5 shades of red. This command is useful if you have scaled your turtle's colors to shades of a particular color using scale-color.
Related Commands:
count-color
count-pc
count-pc-range
count-patches
Description:
Returns the number of patches.
Related Commands:
count-patches-with
count-turtles
count-patches-with
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
Number |
condition to determine whether to count a turtle |
Description:
Returns the number of patches whose [list of commands] is true.
Examples:
count-patches-with [(distance 0 0) < 5]
returns the number of patches inside a circle of radius 5 centered at the origin.
Related Commands:
count-patches
count-pc
color
Parameters:
color |
Number |
color to determine whether to count a patch |
Description:
Returns the number of patches that are the color color.
Examples:
count-pc blue
returns the number of blue patches.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches statement.
Related Commands:
count-color
count-color-range
count-pc-range
count-pc-range
mincolor maxcolor
Parameters:
mincolor |
Number |
low end of range of colors to determine whether to count a patch |
maxcolor |
Number |
high end of range of colors to determine whether to count a patch |
Description:
Returns the number of patches that have colors between mincolor and maxcolor, inclusive.
Examples:
count-pc-range 64 66.5
returns the number of patches that are lime (65) or very close to it.
Related Commands:
count-color
count-color-range
count-pc
count-plot-pens
Description:
Reports the number of plot pens in the current plot window. Use plotid
to set the current plot window.
Related Commands:
set-count-plot-pens
count-turtles
Description:
Reports the number of turtles.
Related Commands:
count-breed
count-patches
count-turtles-at
count-turtles-here
count-turtles-towards
count-turtles-with
one-of-breed
one-of-turtles
count-turtles-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
units in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the number of turtles xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
count-turtles-at 1 1
reports the number of turtles one patch to the right and one patch above the caller.
Related Commands:
count-breed-at
count-turtles
count-turtles-here
count-turtles-towards
count-turtles-with
count-turtles-at-with
xcor ycor [condition]
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles that are xcor units away in the x-direction and ycor units away in the y-direction from the caller, and also satisfy [condition].
Examples:
if count-turtles-at-with 1 1 [color = red] > 1
[fd 1]
will have all of the turtles move forward who have more than one red turtle 1 unit away in the x-direction and 1 unit away in the y-direction
count-turtles-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle measured from the direction the caller is facing |
distance |
Number |
distance from the caller |
Description:
Reports the number of turtles distance away at angle angle from the caller.
Examples:
count-turtles-towards 0 1
reports the number of turtles one patch directly in front of the caller.
Notes:
Note the angle is measured from the direction the caller is facing.
Related Commands:
count-breed-towards
count-turtles
count-turtles-at
count-turtles-here
count-turtles-with
count-turtles-towards-with
angle distance [condition]
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns the number of turtles that are distance units away at an angle of angle from the caller, that also satisfy [condition].
Examples:
if count-turtles-towards 0 1 [color = blue] > 1
[fd 1]
will have all of the turtles with more than one blue turtle directly in front of them move forwards one space.
count-turtles-with
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
condition to determine whether to count a turtle |
Description:
Reports the number of turtles whose [list of commands] is true.
Examples:
count-turtles-with [(distance 0 0) < 5]
reports the number of turtles inside a circle of radius 5 centered at the origin.
Notes:
Note [list of commands] must be a boolean statement and return true or false.
Related Commands:
count-breed-with
count-turtles
count-turtles-at
count-turtles-here
count-turtles-towards
myself
one-of-turtles-with
create-breed
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
Description:
Creates number of turtles and assigns breed as their breed.
Examples:
create-frogs 2
creates two turtles of breed frogs.
create-cars 5
creates five turtles of breed cars.
Related Commands:
create-breed-and-do
create-custom-turtles
create-turtles
create-breed-and-do
number [list-of-commands]
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
commands for newly created turtles to run |
Description:
Creates number of turtles and assigns breed as their breed. The turtles then execute [list-of-commands].
Examples:
create-frogs-and-do 5 [fd 3]
would create 5 turtles of breed frogs and make them all move forward 3 steps.
Related Commands:
create-breed
create-turtles-and-do
create-custom-turtles
breed number
Parameters:
breed |
String |
type of turtles being created |
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
Description:
Creates number turtles of type breed.
Examples:
cct frogs 2
will create two turtles of type frog.
Notes:
Most users will use create-foxes
directly rather than using create-custom-turtles
.
Related Commands:
create-breed
create-custom-turtles-and-do
create-turtles
create-custom-turtles-and-do
breed number [list of commands]
Parameters:
breed |
String |
type of turtles being created |
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
commands newly created turtles will run |
Description:
Creates number turtles of type breed and tells them to do [list of commands].
Examples:
cct-and-do foxes 5 [fd 3]
would create 5 foxes and make them all move forward 3 steps.
Notes:
Most users will use create-foxes-and-do
directly intead of using cct-and-do
.
Related Commands:
create-custom-turtles
create-turtles (crt)
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
Description:
Creates number turtles.
Examples:
crt 2
creates 2 turtles.
Related Commands:
create-breed
create-custom-turtles
create-turtles-and-do
sprout
create-turtles-and-do (crt-and-do)
number [list of commands]
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of turtles to create |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
commands for newly created turtles to run |
Description:
Creates number turtles and tells them to do [list of commands].
Related Commands:
create-breed-and-do
create-turtles
sprout
cyan
Description:

cyan reports 85, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
diffuse
variable percentage
Parameters:
variable |
String |
patch variable to diffuse |
percentage |
Number |
percentage of patch variable's value to diffuse |
Description:
Makes each patch give 1/8 of percentage of variable to each neighboring patch.
percentage should be expressed as a number between 0 and 1. variable should be a patch variable.
Examples:
diffuse food 20
causes each patch to give 1/8 of 20 percent of the variable food to each of its eight neighboring patches.
Notes:
diffuse
must be run by the observer, even though it affects patches.
Related Commands:
diffuse4
nsum
nsum4
diffuse4
variable percentage
Parameters:
variable |
Number |
patch variable to diffuse |
percentage |
Number |
percentage of variable's value to diffuse |
Description:
Makes each patch give 1/4 of percentage of variable to each non-diagonal (N,E,S,W) neighboring patch.
percentage should be expressed as a number between 0 and 1. variable should be a patch variable.
Examples:
diffuse food 20
causes each patch to give 1/4 of 20 percent of the variable food to each of its four directly-neighboring patches.
Notes:
diffuse4
must be run by the observer, even though it affects patches.
Related Commands:
diffuse
nsum
nsum4
display
Description:
Turns Graphics Canvas updating on.
Notes:
By default, display is on.
Related Commands:
no-display
distance
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
distance in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
distance in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the distance from the caller to xcor ycor. The observer is assumed to be at position (0,0). If xcor and/or ycor are off the screen, they will be wrapped to fit within the screen first.
Examples:
distance 3 4
reports 5 when the caller is at (0, 0).
distance 101 101
reports 70.7107 (on a 51x51 screen)
Related Commands:
distance-nowrap
towards
towards-nowrap
distance-nowrap
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
units in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the distance from the caller to xcor ycor without wrapping. The observer is assumed to be at position (0,0).
Examples:
distance-nowrap 3 4
returns 5 when the caller is at (0,0).
Notes:
If the patch canvas is 100 patches wide, distance-nowrap 99 0 would return 99 while distance 99 0 would return 1.
Related Commands:
distance
towards
towards-nowrap
number1
div
number2
Parameters:
number1 |
Number |
dividend |
number2 |
Number |
divisor |
Description:
Reports the integer part of the answer to number1 / number2.
Examples:
5 div 2
returns 2.
6 div 2
returns 3.
Related Commands:
mod
dolist
[:loop-variable list] [commands to run]
Parameters:
[:loop-variable list] |
List of commands |
On each iteration, :loop-variable is assigned to each element of the list |
[commands to run] |
List of commands |
Commands to run once for each element of the list |
Description:
This command loops over each element of the list, and runs [commands to run] for each one. During each run of [commands to run], the element of the list is bound to loop-variable
.
Examples:
dolist [:i [2 4 -1]] [fd :i]
loops over the list [1 2 3]
. There are three iterations of this loop; in the first, we run fd 2
, in the second fd 4
and the third fd -1
.
Related Commands:
dotimes
dotimes
[:loop-variable #times] [commands to run]
Parameters:
[:loop-variable #times] |
List of commands |
On each iteration, :loop-variable is assigned to each number from 1 to #times |
[commands to run] |
List of commands |
Commands to run once for each number from 1 to #times |
Description:
This command loops over each integer number from 1 to #times
, and runs [commands to run] for each one. During each run of [commands to run], the current number is bound to :loop-variable
.
Examples:
dotimes [:foo 4] [show :foo]
loops 4 times, each time assigning :foo to 1, 2, 3, and then 4. The commands that are run print the value of :foo to the command center.
Related Commands:
dolist
e
Description:
Reports the value of e (approximately 2.718281828).
Related Commands:
exp
ln
pi
empty?
data
Parameters:
data |
List or string |
list or string to test for emptiness |
Description:
If
data is a list of data, reports true if
data is empty.
If data is a string, reports true if data has no characters (i.e. = "").
Examples:
empty? [0 0]
returns false.
empty? [] returns true.
empty? "hello" returns false.
Related Commands:
first
last
make-list
sentence
end
Description:
This command must be placed at the end of every procedure.
Notes:
Note, you can't put anything (even a comment) on the same line as end.
Related Commands:
output
startup
stop
to
every
number [list of commands]
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of seconds to wait between each iteration |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands to run each iteration |
Description:
every
is just like loop, in that it runs its [list of commands] forever, but it waits number seconds between each iteration. Number can be a decimal as well as an integer.
every
is usually used in a non-forever button to run something over and over again with a pause in between.
Examples:
every 2 [fd 1 rt 90]
would make all the turtles move forward one step, turn right 90 degrees, and then wait 2 seconds over and over again.
exp
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
exponent to raise e |
Description:
Reports e
(approximately 2.71828) raised to the power of number.
Related Commands:
e
ln
export-picture-interface
Description:
Brings up the export picture dialog and saves the interface to disk as a PNG
Related Commands:
export-picture-interface-name
export-picture-interface-name
name
Parameters:
name |
String |
name of the file |
Description:
export-picture-interface-name
name exports the interface as a PNG using the file name specified
Related Commands:
export-picture-interface
export-picture-patches
Description:
Brings up the export picture dialog and saves the patches to disk as a PNG
Related Commands:
export-picture-patches-name
export-picture-patches-name
name
Parameters:
name |
String |
name of the file |
Description:
Saves the patches to disk as a PNG with the filename name
Related Commands:
export-picture-patches
first
[list of data] or string
Parameters:
[list of data] or string |
List or string |
List or string to return the first character/element from |
Description:
Returns the first element of a [list of data] or the first character of a string.
Examples:
first [3 4 5 6]
returns 3.
first "hello" returns "h".
Related Commands:
butfirst
butlast
empty?
fput
last
lput
forward (fd)
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
Turtle moves $arg1 steps forward. |
Description:
Moves turtle forward number steps.
Examples:
fd 3
and forward 3
are equivalent statements which each make turtles move forward 3 steps.
Related Commands:
back
jump
leap
left
right
step
fput
item
Parameters:
Description:
Adds the item into the list as the first element
Examples:
fput 1 [2 3 4]
returns [1 2 3 4].
fput "hello" "mom"
returns "hellomom".
Related Commands:
first
insert
last
lput
reverse
sentence
get-random-seed
Description:
Returns the current random seed.
Notes:
StarLogo uses the random generator provided by Java, which, as of now, is a linear congruential formula (Knuth Art of Computer Programming, Vol 2, Section 3.2.1.), which uses a 48-bit seed. StarLogo only allows you to set the lower 32 bits of this seed.
Related Commands:
set-random-seed
setrandom-seed
get-scheduler-random-seed
Description:
Returns the current value of the scheduler's random seed.
Notes:
Example: One use of get-scheduler-random-seed would be to have repeatable results. If you want to repeat the results of a specific trial, get the scheduler's random seed and simply set the random seed to the same number the next time you run the project.
Related Commands:
scheduler
set-scheduler-random-seed
switch-scheduler
globals
[variable-list]
Parameters:
Description:
Creates global variables. The variable-list contains one or more names. The globals declaration should be placed at the top of the observer procedures window or the turtle procedures window.
Examples:
globals [variable1 variable2 variable3]
Creates globals variable1, variable2, and variable3.
Related Commands:
patches-own
turtles-own
grab
number [list of commands]
Parameters:
number |
Number |
|
[list of commands] |
List |
|
Description:
Have turtles number execute [list of commands].
Examples:
grab one-of-turtles-here [setc red setc-of partner blue]
This turns the caller red and the grabbed turtle blue. If there are no other turtles on the caller's patch, the [list of commands] does not get executed and no turtles change color.
Notes:
Caller instructs turtles with who number(s) number(s) to execute [list of commands]. The who number of the turtles being grabbed are stored in partner, if there is one, or partners, if there are many. A turtle cannot grab itself.
Grab is only useful for guaranteeing that a turtle you want to talk to is not being talked to by anyone else and cannot talk to anyone else while being grabbed. Note, while one turtle is grabbing another, neither may be grabbed by a third turtle.
Related Commands:
grabbed?
partner
partners
gray (grey)
Description:
gray
reports 5, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
green
Description:
green
reports 55, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
heading-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
Description:
Returns the heading of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
heading-at 1 1
reports the heading of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
heading
heading-of
heading-towards
seth-at
heading-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
&who number& to identify the turtle |
Description:
Reports the heading of the turtle with a who number
equal to number.
Examples:
if who = 1 [fd 1]
commands the turtle to move forward 1 if its who number
is 1.
Related Commands:
heading
heading-at
heading-towards
seth-of
heading-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
Description:
Reports the heading of the turtle distance away at an angle of angle from the caller.
Examples:
heading-towards 0 1
reports the heading of the turtle 1 unit in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
heading
heading-at
heading-of
seth-towards
if
condition [list of commands]
Parameters:
condition |
Boolean |
Condition that evaluates to either true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
List of commands to execute of $arg1 is true |
Description:
Do [list of commands] if and only if condition reports true.
Examples:
if color = black [fd 5 rt 90]
makes every black turtle move forward 5 steps and then turn right.
Related Commands:
ifelse
ifelse
condition [list of commands1] [list of commands2]
Parameters:
condition |
Boolean |
Condition that evalutes to either true or false |
[list of commands1] |
List of commands |
Runs if $arg1 is true |
[list of commands2] |
List of commands |
Runs of $arg2 is false |
Description:
Do [list of commands1] if condition reports true, otherwise do [list of commands2].
Examples:
ifelse color = black [fd 2] [bk 2]
would make black turtles move forward 2 steps and all other turtles move back 2 steps.
Related Commands:
if
ignore
expression
Parameters:
expression |
Anything |
Expression to evalute for side effects |
Description:
Ignores the return value of the expression immediately following it. More useful than it looks, ignore
can be used to execute a procedure for its side effects.
Examples:
to compute-and-print-square :x
let [:ans :x * :x]
show :x
output :x
ignore compute-and-print-square 4
shows 16 in the command center, but does nothing with the return value from compute-and-print-square
.
import-picture
Description:
Opens up a dialog box asking the user to select a picture to import onto the Graphics Canvas. It resizes the patchcanvas to the exact dimensions of the picture, in pixels.
Notes:
Importing a picture much larger than 200x200 pixels will likely require too much memory and screen space.
Related Commands:
import-picture-name
import-picture-name
filename
Parameters:
filename |
String |
Filename of the picture to import |
Description:
Imports onto the Graphics Canvas the picture in the file specified by filename. The file is assumed to be in the current directory (as shown by the Save Project dialog box).
Examples:
import-picture-name strongbad.jpg
imports the picture file named strongbad.jpg in the current directory.
Notes:
Importing a picture much larger than 200x200 will likely require too much memory and screen space.
Related Commands:
import-picture
info-name
Description:
Returns the current filename of the information window. Returns false if no filename has been set yet.
Related Commands:
output-name
project-name
save-info
save-info-as
insert
index list element
Parameters:
index |
Number |
Position in list indicating where to insert |
list |
List |
|
element |
Anything |
|
Description:
Returns a new modified [list of data] with element inserted into the index position.
Notes:
The input list is not changed.
Related Commands:
fput
lput
member?
remove
inspect-patch
xcor ycor
Parameters:
Description:
Brings up the patch monitor of the patch whose coordinates are (xcor, ycor). A patch monitor allows the user to see all of the information about a patch in real time.
Examples:
inspect-patch 1 1
brings up the patch monitor for the patch at coordinates (1,1).
Related Commands:
inspect-turtle
inspect-turtle
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
&who number& of turtle to inspect |
Description:
Brings up the turtle monitor of the turtle whose who number
is number. A turtle monitor allows the user to see all information about a turtle in real time.
Examples:
inspect-turtle 1
brings up the turtle monitor of the turtle with who number
equal to one.
Related Commands:
inspect-patch
int
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
A real number to turn into an integer |
Description:
Reports the largest integer less than or equal to number. For negative numbers, returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to number.
Examples:
int 5
returns 5.
int 5.9
returns 5
int -3
returns -3
Notes:
int -3.5
returns -3
Related Commands:
round
item
number [list]
Parameters:
number |
Number |
|
[list] |
List |
|
Description:
Returns the element of [list] at the number'th position.
Examples:
item 2 [4 6 8]
returns 6.
Notes:
Indexing starts from 1.
Related Commands:
position
remove
remove-element
setitem
kill
number
Parameters:
Description:
Kills turtle with who number
equal to number.
Examples:
kill 2
kills the turtle with a who number
equal to 2.
Related Commands:
die
last
[list of data]
Parameters:
[list of data] |
List or string |
list of data of which you want the last element |
Description:
Returns the last item of [list of data].
Examples:
last [4 5 6 7]
returns 7.
Related Commands:
butfirst
butlast
empty?
first
fput
lput
length
[list of data]
Parameters:
[list of data] |
List or string |
list of data for which you want the length |
Description:
Returns the length of [list of data].
Examples:
length []
returns 0.
length [4 5 6 7]
returns 4.
Related Commands:
list
make-list
sentence
let
[:variable value]
Parameters:
[:variable |
String |
the variable name that you will use |
value] |
Number |
the value that you are setting the variable to |
Description:
Declares variable
as a local variable and assigns value
to it. All local variables must have names which begin with a colon. You may declare more than one variable in a let statement (ie. let [:variable1 value1 :variable2 value2]
. Variables are declared in the order they appear in the let statement. See the Variables page for more information on local variables.
Examples:
let [:myvar 6]
declares a local variable :myvar
and assigns its value to 6.
Related Commands:
set
lime
Description:
lime
reports 65, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
list
item 1 item 2
Parameters:
item 1 |
Anything |
the first item in your list |
item 2 |
Number |
the second item in your list |
Description:
Returns a new [list of data]
with item 1 as its first element, and item 2 as its second.
Examples:
list 4 5
returns [4 5]
.
Related Commands:
copy-list
length
make-list
pick
position
remove
remove-element
reverse
sentence
sublist
to-list
list-of-breed
Description:
Returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles of the breed specified by
breed
.
Examples:
list-of-frogs
returns a list of all of the turtles of breed frogs
list-of-cars
returns a list of all of the turtles of breed cars
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-at
list-of-breed-here
list-of-breed-towards
list-of-breed-with
list-of-turtles
list-of-breed-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of units away in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
number of units away in the y direction |
Description:
Returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles of the breed specified by breed
xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
list-of-frogs-at 1 1
returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles of breed frogs one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
list-of-cars-at 3 5
returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles of breed cars three units to the right and five units above the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed
list-of-turtles-at
list-of-turtles-at-with
list-of-breed-at-with
xcor ycor [condition]
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a list of all of the turtles of the breed specified xcor units away in the x-direction and ycor units away in the y-direction from the caller that also satisfy [condition].
Examples:
set blue_balloons list-of-balloons-at-with 1 1 [color = blue]
will set the variable blue_balloons
to a list of the who numbers of all of the blue turtles of breed balloons one unit away in the x-direction and one unit away in the y-direction from the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-here-with
list-of-breed-towards-with
list-of-turtles-at-with
list-of-breed-here
Description:
Returns a list of turtles of the breed specified by breed
on the caller's patch.
Examples:
list-of-frogs-here
returns a list of turtles of breed frogs
on the caller's patch.
list-of-cars-here
returns a list of turtles of breed cars
on the caller's patch.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed
list-of-breed-here-with
list-of-turtles-here
list-of-breed-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance away from the caller |
Description:
Returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles of the breed specifed by breed
at the patch angle away at angle distance from the caller.
Examples:
list-of-frogs-towards 0 1
returns a list of the turtles of breed frog directly ahead and one patch away from the caller.
list-of-cars-towards 90 5
returns a list of the turtles of breed cars 90 degreses to the right and five patches away from the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed
list-of-breed-towards-with
list-of-turtles-towards
list-of-breed-towards-with
angle distance [condition]
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a list of all of the turtles of the breed specified distance units away at an angle angle from the caller who also satisfy [condition].
Examples:
set red_cars list-of-cars-towards-with 0 1 [color = red]
will set the variable red_cars
to a list of the who numbers of all of the red turtles of breed cars one unit away and directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-at-with
list-of-breed-here-with
list-of-breed-towards
list-of-turtles-towards-with
list-of-breed-with
[condition]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
Description:
Returns a list of turtles of breed indicated by breed
satisfying condition
.
Examples:
list-of-frogs-with [color = green]
will return a list of turtles that are breed frogs
and have color green
.
list-of-cars-with [color = black]
will return a list of turtles that are breed cars
and have color black
.
Notes:
Note [condition] must be a boolean statement and return true or false.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed
list-of-turtles-with
list-of-turtles
Description:
Returns a list of the who numbers of all the turtles.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed
list-of-turtles-with
one-of-breed
one-of-turtles
list-of-turtles-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of units away in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
number of units away in the y direction |
Description:
Returns a list of turtles xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller .
Examples:
list-of-turtles-at 1 1
returns a list of turtles one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-at
list-of-turtles-at-with
list-of-turtles-here
list-of-turtles-towards
list-of-turtles-at-with
xcor ycor [condition]
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a list of all of the turtles xcor units away in the x-direction and ycor units away in the y-direction from the caller that also satisfy [condition].
Examples:
set blue_turtles list-of-turtles-at-with 1 1 [color = blue]
will set the variable blue_turtles
to a list of the who numbers of all of the blue turtles one unit away in the x-direction and one unit away in the y-direction from the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-at
list-of-breed-at-with
list-of-turtles-at
list-of-turtles-here-with
list-of-turtles-towards-with
list-of-turtles-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance away from the caller |
Description:
Returns a list of turtles at the patch angle away at angle distance from the caller.
Examples:
list-of-turtles-towards 0 1
returns a list of turtles one unit directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-towards
list-of-turtles-at
list-of-turtles-here
list-of-turtles-towards-with
list-of-turtles-towards-with
angle distance [condition]
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
[condition] |
Number |
|
Description:
Returns a list of all of the turtles distance units away at an angle angle from the caller who also satisfy [condition].
Examples:
set red_turtles list-of-turtles-towards-with 0 1 [color = red]
will set the variable red_turtles
to a list of the who numbers of all of the red turtles one unit away and directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-towards-with
list-of-turtles-at-with
list-of-turtles-here-with
list-of-turtles-towards
list-of-turtles-with
[condition]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
Description:
Returns a list of the who numbers of the turtles satisfying condition
.
Examples:
list-of-turtles-with [color = red]
returns a list of the who numbers of the red turtles.
Related Commands:
list-of-breed-with
list-of-turtles
list-of-turtles-here
myself
one-of-turtles-with
list?
thing
Parameters:
thing |
Number |
the item, string, list, or variable that you are trying to determine if it is a list |
Description:
Returns true if thing is a list.
Examples:
list? 4
returns false.
list? [4]
returns true.
Related Commands:
number?
word?
ln
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of which you want the natural log |
Description:
Returns the natural logarithm of number.
Examples:
ln 1
returns 0
ln e
returns 1
ln -2
returns NaN
(the error message Not a Number)
Related Commands:
e
exp
log
log
number base
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of which you want the log |
base |
Number |
base of the log |
Description:
Math function. Returns the log of number according to specified base.
Examples:
log 100 10
returns 2
Related Commands:
ln
loop
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
the list of commands that will be run forever |
Description:
Do [list of commands] forever.
Examples:
loop [fd 4 rt 45]
makes turtles repeatedly move forward 4 steps and turn right 45 degrees.
Related Commands:
output
repeat
stop
lput
item [list of data]
Parameters:
item |
Integer |
the item that you are placing in the list |
[list of data] |
List or string |
list of data that you are adding to |
Description:
Returns the new value of [list of data] with item as its last element. The input list is not changed.
Examples:
lput 4 [1 2 3]
returns [1 2 3 4]
.
Related Commands:
butfirst
butlast
first
fput
insert
last
reverse
sentence
magenta
Description:
magenta
reports 125, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
make-list
integer element
Parameters:
integer |
Integer |
number of times the item will be in the list |
element |
Anything |
the data that will be repeated in the list |
Description:
Returns a list of length integer filled with element.
Examples:
make-list 5 0
returns [0 0 0 0 0]
Related Commands:
copy-list
empty?
length
list
sentence
to-list
max-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the highest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles of the breed specified by breed
.
Examples:
max-of-frogs [speed]
returns the turtle of breed frogs
with the highest value of speed
.
max-of-cars [size]
returns the turtle of breed cars
with the highest value of size
.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
If [list of commands]
contains no numbers, the smallest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands]
, when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-turtles
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
max-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the highest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles of breed specified by breed
that satisfy [condition]. If there are no turtles of this breed for which [condition] is true, returns minnum
, the smallest number possible without going into negative infinity.
Examples:
max-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the red turtle with the greatest speed of breed frogs
.
max-of-cars-with [color = blue] [size]
returns the blue turtle with the greatest size of breed cars
.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
If [list of commands]
contains no numbers, the smallest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands]
, when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
max-of-list
list
Parameters:
list |
List |
list of which you want the maximum value |
Description:
Returns the greatest value in the given list.
Examples:
max-of-list [5 7 1]
returns 7
.
Related Commands:
average-of-list
median-of-list
min-of-list
mode-of-list
sdev-of-list
sort-num-list
sum-of-list
variance-of-list
max-of-patches
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Evaluates the [list of commands] given for every patch. Returns the coordinates of the patch whose [list of commands] value is greatest, or returns a list of coordinates if there is more than one patch with that minimum value.
Examples:
max-of-patches [food]
returns the coordinates of the patch whose food
variable is the largest.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the smallest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
max-of-turtles
median-of-patches
min-of-patches
mode-of-patches
sdev-of-patches
sum-of-patches
variance-of-patches
max-of-patches-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the highest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles that satisfy [condition]. If there are no patches in which [condition] is true, reports minnum
, the smallest number possible without going into negative infinity.
Examples:
max-of-patches-with [color = 0] [food]
reports the largest food value of the black colored patches.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
Related Commands:
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-patches-with
min-of-patches-with
mode-of-patches-with
sdev-of-patches-with
sum-of-patches-with
variance-of-patches-with
max-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the highest value of [list of commands] when run over all of the turtles.
Examples:
max-of-turtles-with [speed]
reports the speed
of the fastest turtle.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
If [list of commands]
contains no numbers, the smallest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands]
, when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-breed
max-of-patches
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
max-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[list of commands] |
Number |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the highest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles that satisfy condition. If there are no turtles in which [condition] is true, returns minnum
, the smallest number possible without going into negative infinity.
Examples:
max-of-turtles-with [color = red] [speed]
reports the speed
of the red turtle with the highest speed.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the smallest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-patches-with
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
maximum (max)
number 1 number 2
Parameters:
number 1 |
Number |
first number that you are comparing |
number 2 |
Number |
second number that you are comparing |
Description:
Reports the larger value of the two numbers.
Examples:
max 4 6
returns 6
Related Commands:
maxnum
minimum
minnum
maxnum
Description:
Returns the largest number possible without going into positive infinity.
Related Commands:
maximum
minimum
minnum
median-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the median of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of the specified breed.
Examples:
median-of-frogs [speed]
returns the median speed of all the turtles of breed frogs.
median-of-cars [size]
returns the median size of all the turtles of breed cars.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-breed
median-of-turtles
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
median-of-breed-with
[1st list of commands] [2nd list of commands]
Parameters:
[1st list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[2nd list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the median of the [2nd list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of the breed specified that satisfy the conditions specified by the [1st list of commands].
Examples:
median-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the median speed of all the red turtles of breed frogs.
median-of-cars-with [size > 4] [speed]
returns the median speed of all the turtles of size greater than 4 with breed cars.
Notes:
If [2nd list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [2nd list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
median-of-list
list
Parameters:
list |
List |
list of numbers for which you want the median value |
Description:
Returns the median of the given list.
Examples:
median-of-list [ 1 3 5 7 9]
returns 5
.
Notes:
If an element in list is not a number, an error occurs.
If list contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the list, when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-list
max-of-list
min-of-list
mode-of-list
sdev-of-list
sum-of-list
variance-of-list
median-of-patches
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
Number |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the median of the [list of commands] when [list of commands] is evaluated by all patches.
Examples:
median-of-patches [color]
returns a number corresponding to the median of the colors of all patches.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-patches
max-of-patches
median-of-patches-with
min-of-patches
mode-of-patches
sdev-of-patches
sum-of-patches
variance-of-patches
median-of-patches-with
[1st list of commands] [2nd list of commands]
Parameters:
[1st list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[2nd list of commands] |
List |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the median of the [2nd list of commands] when evaluated across all the patches that satisfy the conditions specified by the [1st list of commands].
Examples:
median-of-patches-with [color = red] [food]
returns the median food of all the red patches.
Notes:
If [2nd list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [2nd list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-patches-with
max-of-patches-with
median-of-patches
min-of-patches-with
mode-of-patches-with
sdev-of-patches-with
sum-of-patches-with
variance-of-patches
variance-of-patches-with
median-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
Number |
|
Description:
Returns the median [list of commands] when [list of commands] is evaluated for all turtles.
Examples:
median-of-turtles [color]
returns a number corresponding to the median of the colors of all turtles on the screen.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles
max-of-turtles
median-of-breed
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
median-of-turtles-with
[1st list of commands] [2nd list of commands]
Parameters:
[1st list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[2nd list of commands] |
List |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the median of the [2nd list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the conditions specified by the [1st list of commands].
Examples:
median-of-patches-with [color = red] [energy]
returns the median energy
of all the red turtles.
Notes:
If [2nd list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [2nd list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-breed-with
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
member?
item [list of data]
Parameters:
item |
Anything |
item which you are looking for |
[list of data] |
List or string |
list of data to search |
Description:
Returns true if item is a member of [list of data].
Examples:
member? 4 [1 0 9]
returns false
.
member? 4 [1 4 9]
returns true
.
Related Commands:
insert
position
remove
remove-element
setitem
min-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the lowest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles of the breed specified by breed
.
Examples:
min-of-frogs [speed]
reports the speed of the slowest turtle of breed frog.
min-of-cars [mileage]
reports the mileage of the turtle of breed car with the lowest mileage.
Notes:
Note: This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the greatest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
min-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluates to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands to that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the lowest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles of the breed specified that satisfy [condition]. If there are no turtles of the breed specified in which [condition] is true, returns maxnum, the largest number possible without going into positive infinity.
Examples:
min-of-frogs-with [habitat = tree] [height]
reports the height of the shortest turtle of breed frog with habitat tree.
min-of-cars-with [color = red] [speed]
reports the speed of the slowest red turtle of breed car.
Notes:
Note: This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches statement.
Note: If [condition] contains no numbers, the greatest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
min-of-list
list
Parameters:
list |
List |
list of numbers |
Description:
Returns the least value in the given list.
Examples:
min-of-list [1 2 3]
returns 1
Notes:
Note: If list contains no numbers, the greatest possibel number is returned. If some of the list, when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-list
max-of-list
median-of-list
mode-of-list
sdev-of-list
sort-num-list
sum-of-list
variance-of-list
min-of-patches
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of patch commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the lowest value of [list of commands] when run over all of the patches.
Examples:
min-of-patches [food]
reports the smallest value of the patch variable food
for all patches.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the greatest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-patches
max-of-patches
median-of-patches
min-of-patches-with
mode-of-patches
sdev-of-list
sdev-of-patches
sum-of-patches
variance-of-patches
min-of-patches-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands to that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the lowest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles that satisfy [condition]. If there are no patches in which [condition] is true, reports maxnum, the largest number possible without going into positive infinity.
Examples:
min-of-patches-with [color = red] [food]
reports the smallest value of the patch variable food for red patches.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the greatest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-patches-with
max-of-patches-with
median-of-patches-with
min-of-patches
min-of-patches-with
mode-of-patches-with
sdev-of-patches-with
sum-of-patches-with
variance-of-patches-with
min-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the lowest value of [list of commands] when run over all of the turtles.
Examples:
min-of-turtles [speed]
reports the speed of the slowest turtle.
Notes:
Note: This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches statement.
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the greatest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
min-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands to that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the lowest value of [list of commands] when run over the turtles that satisfy [condition]. If there are no turtles in which [condition] is true, returns maxnum, the largest number possible without going into positive infinity.
Examples:
min-of-turtles-with [color = red] [speed]
reports the speed of the slowest red turtle.
Notes:
Note: This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches statement.
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, the greatest possible number is returned. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-breed-with
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
minimum (min)
number1 number2
Parameters:
number1 |
Number |
first number |
number2 |
Number |
second number |
Description:
Reports the smaller value of the two numbers
Examples:
min 3 5
returns 3
Related Commands:
maximum
maxnum
minnum
minnum
Description:
Returns the lowest number possible without going into negative infinity.
Related Commands:
maximum
maxnum
minimum
number1
mod
number2
Parameters:
number1 |
Number |
|
number2 |
Number |
|
Description:
Modulo function. number1 mod
number2 is equal to the remainder when number1 is divided by number2. The answer to mod is always positive.
Examples:
6 mod 2 returns 0.
10 mod 3 returns 1.
14 mod 5 returns 4.
Related Commands:
div
mode-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the mode of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed specified by breed.
Examples:
mode-of-frogs [speed]
returns the mode of the speed of all the turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed-with
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
mode-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands to that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the mode of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of the breed specified by breed
that satisfy the [condition].
Examples:
mode-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the mode of the speed
of all the red turtles of breed frogs.
mode-of-cars-with [brand = honda] [mileage]
returns the mode of the mileage
of all the turtles of breed car with brand honda
.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
mode-of-list
list
Parameters:
Description:
Returns the mode of the given list.
Examples:
mode-of-list [1 1 2 2 2]
returns 2.
Notes:
Note: If list contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the list, when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-list
max-of-list
median-of-list
min-of-list
mode-of-list
sdev-of-list
sort-num-list
sum-of-list
variance-of-list
mode-of-patches
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of patch commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the mode of the given [list of commands] when evaluated across all the patches.
Examples:
mode-of-patches [food]
returns the mode of the food value for all patches.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-patches
max-of-patches
median-of-patches
min-of-patches
mode-of-patches-with
sdev-of-list
sdev-of-patches
sum-of-patches
variance-of-patches
mode-of-patches-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of patch commands |
list of commands that evaluate to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of patch commands |
list of commands to that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the mode of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the patches that satisfy the [condition]
Examples:
mode-of-patches-with [color = red] [food]
returns the mode of the food of all the red patches.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-patches-with
max-of-patches-with
median-of-patches-with
min-of-patches-with
mode-of-patches
sdev-of-patches-with
sum-of-patches-with
variance-of-patches-with
mode-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the mode of the given [list of commands] when run over all the turtles.
Examples:
mode-of-turtles [speed]
returns the mode of the speed value of all turtles.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-breed
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that evaluate to true or false |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands to that evaluate to a number |
Description:
Returns the mode of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the [condition]
Examples:
mode-of-turtles-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the mode of the speed of all the red turtles.
Notes:
Note: If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Note: When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-breed-with
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
mouse-down?
Description:
Returns a boolean. If any of the mouse buttons are clicked, it returns true. If the mouse buttons all are not clicked, it returns false.
Related Commands:
mouse-xcor
mouse-ycor
mouse-xcor
Description:
Returns the value of the xcor where the mouse was most recently.
Examples:
Run this code in a forever button:
seth towards mouse-xcor mouse-ycor fd .5
Turtles will follow the mouse (pointer tool) around the graphics canvas.
Related Commands:
mouse-down?
mouse-ycor
mouse-ycor
Description:
Returns the value of the ycor where the mouse was most recently.
Examples:
Run this code in a forever button:
seth towards mouse-xcor mouse-ycor fd .5
Turtles will follow the mouse (pointer tool) around the graphics canvas.
Related Commands:
mouse-down?
mouse-xcor
no-display
Description:
Turns off Graphics Canvas updating. (By default, Graphics Canvas updating is on.) Preliminary experiments show a 25x speedup for a test of 100 turtles moving forward 100 steps. Anything graphics intensive should speed up dramatically with the display turned off.
Related Commands:
display
nobody
Description:
An alias for -1
. Commands that return turtle numbers return nobody
when there is no appropriate turtle to return.
Examples:
nobody
returns -1
.
if one-of-frogs != nobody [show "There are frogs!"]
will return "There are frogs!"
if there are any frogs.
not
condition1
Parameters:
Description:
Reports true if condition1 reports false.
Related Commands:
and
or
xor
nsum
neighbor-variable patch-sum-variable
Parameters:
neighbor-variable |
Variable |
the variable of the neighbor you would like to sum up |
patch-sum-variable |
Variable |
the variable that should be set to the sum of the neighbors' variables |
Description:
For each patch, takes the sum of neighbor-variable from all neighboring patches and places it in patch-sum-variable. Both neighbor-variable and patch-sum-variable should be patch variables.
Examples:
nsum food surrounding-food
takes the food
variable of all the surrounding patches and stores the value of their sum in the patch-variable surrounding-food
.
Notes:
nsum
must be run by the observer even though it affects patches.
Related Commands:
diffuse
diffuse4
nsum4
nsum4
neighbor-variable patch-sum-variable
Parameters:
neighbor-variable |
Variable |
the variable of the neighbor you would like to sum up |
patch-sum-variable |
Variable |
the variable that should be set to the sum of the neighbors' variables |
Description:
For each patch, takes the sum of neighbor-variable from the non-diagonal (N,E,S,W) neighboring patches and places it in patch-sum-variable. Variable should be a patch variable.
Examples:
nsum4 grass totalgrass
adds up the value of grass
in the non-diagonal patches and places it in totalgrass
.
Notes:
nsum4
must be run by the observer even though it affects patches.
Related Commands:
diffuse
diffuse4
nsum
number?
thing
Parameters:
Description:
Returns true
if thing is a number.
Examples:
number? 5.3
returns true
.
number?
[3] returns false
.
Related Commands:
list?
word?
one-of-breed
Description:
Returns a random turtle from the specified breed.
Related Commands:
count-turtles
list-of-turtles
one-of-breed-at
one-of-breed-at-with
one-of-breed-here
one-of-breed-here-with
one-of-breed-towards
one-of-breed-towards-with
one-of-breed-with
one-of-turtles
one-of-breed-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
x-coordinate |
ycor |
Number |
y-coordinate |
Description:
Returns a random turtle of breed breed xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
one-of-frogs-at 1 1
returns a random turtle of breed frogs
one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-breed-at-with
one-of-breed-here
one-of-breed-towards
one-of-turtles-at
one-of-breed-at-with
xcor ycor [condition]
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle of the breed specified that satisfies [condition] that is on the patch xcor units away in the x direction and ycor units away in the y direction
Examples:
one-of-dogs-at-with 1 1 [color = brown]
returns a turtle of breed dog that is 1 unit away in the x direction, 1 unit away in the y direction and is brown
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-breed-at
one-of-breed-here-with
one-of-breed-towards-with
one-of-turtles-at-with
one-of-breed-here-with
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to either true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle of the breed specified that satisfies [list of commands] and is on the same patch as the caller.
Examples:
one-of-cars-here-with [color = red]
returns a turtle of breed car on the same patch as the color that is red.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-breed-at-with
one-of-breed-here
one-of-breed-towards-with
one-of-turtles-here-with
one-of-breed-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
Description:
Returns a random turtle of the specified breed at the patch angle away at angle distance from the caller.
Examples:
one-of-frogs-towards 0 1
returns a random turtle of breed frogs
one unit directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-breed-at
one-of-breed-here
one-of-breed-towards-with
one-of-turtles-towards-with
one-of-breed-towards-with
angle distance [condition]
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle of the breed specified that is at a distance distance and an angle angle from the caller that satisfies [condition]
Examples:
one-of-mice-towards-with 180 1 [color = blue]
returns a random turtle of breed mice and color blue that is one space behind the caller
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-breed-at-with
one-of-breed-here-with
one-of-breed-towards
one-of-turtles-towards-with
one-of-breed-with
[condition]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to either true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle that satisfies [condition].
Examples:
one-of-frogs-with [color = red]
returns a random turtle that is red and of breed frogs
Related Commands:
one-of-breed
one-of-turtles-with
one-of-turtles
Description:
Returns a random turtle.
Related Commands:
count-turtles
list-of-turtles
one-of-breed
one-of-turtles-at
one-of-turtles-here
one-of-turtles-towards
one-of-turtles-with
one-of-turtles-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
x-coordinate |
ycor |
Number |
y-coordinate |
Description:
Returns a random turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
one-of-turtles-at 1 1
returns a random turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed-at
one-of-turtles
one-of-turtles-at-with
one-of-turtles-towards
one-of-turtles-with
one-of-turtles-at-with
xcor ycor [condition]
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle that satisfies [condition] that is on the patch xcor units away in the x direction and ycor units away in the y direction
Examples:
one-of-turtles-at-with 1 1 [color = red]
returns a red turtle that is one unit away in the x direction and 1 unit away in the y diretion
Related Commands:
one-of-breed-at-with
one-of-turtles-at
one-of-turtles-here-with
one-of-turtles-towards-with
one-of-turtles-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
Description:
Returns a random turtle at the patch distance
away at angle angle
from the caller.
Examples:
one-of-turtles-towards 0 1
returns a random turtle one unit directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
one-of-turtles
one-of-turtles-at
one-of-turtles-here
one-of-turtles-towards-with
one-of-turtles-towards-with
angle distance [condition]
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
list of commands that returns true or false |
Description:
Returns a random turtle that is distance distance away at an angle angle that satisfies [condition].
Examples:
one-of-turtles-towards-with 0 1 [color = red]
returns a red turtle that is 1 space away and directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
one-of-breed-towards
one-of-breed-towards-with
one-of-turtles-at-with
one-of-turtles-here-with
one-of-turtles-towards
one-of-turtles-with
[condition]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
condition the turtle must meet |
|
Number |
|
Description:
Chooses a turtle based on the following [condition].
Examples:
one-of-turtles-with [color = red] [setc blue]
chooses a red
turtle
Related Commands:
count-turtles-with
list-of-turtles-with
myself
one-of-breed-with
one-of-turtles
one-of-turtles-at
condition1
or
condition2
Parameters:
condition1 |
Boolean |
|
condition2 |
Boolean |
|
Description:
Reports true if either condition1 or condition2 reports true.
Examples:
if (color = black) or (color = red) [fd 2] makes all black or red turtles move forward 2 steps.
Related Commands:
and
not
xor
orange
Description:
Reports 25, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
output
something
Parameters:
something |
Anything |
the value to be returned |
Description:
Exits the current procedure and returns something.
Examples:
output "hello"
exits the current procedure and returns the string "hello"
.
Related Commands:
end
loop
stop
to
output-name
Description:
Returns the current filename of the output window. Returns false if no filename has been set yet.
Related Commands:
info-name
project-name
save-output
save-output-as
set-output-name
partner
Description:
Returns the who
number of the turtle being grab
bed, or nobody if no turtle is being grab
bed.
Examples:
grab one-of-turtles-here
[if (color-of partner) = red [die]]
These statements will cause a turtle to partner with another turtle on the same spot and die if that partner is red.
Notes:
Must be used inside of a grab
statement.
Related Commands:
grab
grabbed?
partners
partners
Description:
Returns a dlist
of the turtles being grab
bed, or [ ]
if no turtles are being grab
bed.
Examples:
grab list-of-turtles-here
[if (first partners) = 0 [fd 1]]
These statements will cause the turtle to partner
with all of the turtles on the patch, and move forward one space if the first one in the list is the turtle with who
0.
Related Commands:
grab
grabbed?
partner
patches-own
[variable-list]
Parameters:
[variable-list] |
Variable |
a list of patch variables separated by spaces |
Description:
Defines a set of variables to be properties of patches. The [variable-list] contains one or more names separated by spaces
Examples:
patches-own [size value]
declares two patch variables - size and value.
Notes:
patches-own
must only be used once in any program, and remain outside of any procedures. Typically patches-own
is defined once at the top of the Observer Procedures window.
Related Commands:
breeds
globals
turtles-own
pc-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
Description:
Reports the color of the patch xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
pc-at 1 1
reports the color of the patch one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches statement.
Related Commands:
patchcolor
pc-ahead
pc-towards
stamp-at
pc-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
Description:
Reports the color of the patch angle away at an angle distance from the caller.
Examples:
pc-towards 0 1
returns the color of the patch which is one unit directly in front of the caller.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches statement.
Related Commands:
patchcolor
pc-ahead
pc-at
stamp-towards
pendown?
Description:
Returns true if the turtle's pen is down, otherwise false.
Examples:
if pendown? [setc blue]
commands the caller to set its color to blue if its pen is down.
Related Commands:
pendown
pendown?-at
pendown?-towards
penup
pendown?-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
Description:
Reports whether the pen of the turtle at xcor ycor, relative to the caller, is down.
Examples:
pendown?-at 1 1
reports whether the pen of the turtle is down one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
pendown?
pendown?-towards
setpendown?-at
pendown?-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
a who number |
Description:
Reports whether the pen of the turtle with who number number is down.
Examples:
pendown?-of 2
reports whether the pen of the turtle with who number 2 is down.
Related Commands:
pendown
penup
setpendown?-of
pendown?-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
Description:
Reports whether the pen of a turtle angle away at an angle of distance from the caller is down.
Examples:
pendown?-towards 0 1
reports whether the pen of a turtle one unit directly in front of the caller is down.
Related Commands:
pendown
pendown?
pendown?-at
penup
pi
Description:
Returns the value of pi (approximately 3.14159).
Related Commands:
e
pick
[list of data]
Parameters:
[list of data] |
List or string |
|
Description:
Returns a random element of the [list of data]. Returns false if the list is empty.
Examples:
pick [1 2]
would return 1 half of the time and would return 2 half of the time.
Related Commands:
list
random
sentence
to-list
pink
Description:
pink
reports 135, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
plot
y-value
Parameters:
Description:
Plots a point at y-value, then increments the x-value
of the plot pen by 1. The pen will rescale itself when it reaches plot-xmax
.
Examples:
plot speed
plots the speed of the turtle over time.
Related Commands:
clear-plot
clearplots
plotid
plotxy
pp
ppreset
view-plot
plot-grid-off
Description:
Turns the plot grid off.
Related Commands:
plot-grid-on
plot-grid?
plot-grid-on
Description:
Turns the plot grid on.
Related Commands:
plot-grid-off
plot-grid?
plot-grid?
Description:
Returns a boolean. If the plot grid is on, true
is returned. If the plot grid is off, false
is returned.
Examples:
show plot-grid?
will return false if the plot grid is not on.
Related Commands:
plot-grid-off
plot-grid-on
plot-title
Description:
Returns the title of the plot
Related Commands:
setplot-title
plot-xlabel
Description:
Returns the value of the label of the x-axis of the graph.
Related Commands:
plot-ylabel
setplot-xlabel
plot-xmax
Description:
Returns the current maximum x-value of the plot.
Related Commands:
plot-xmin
plot-ymax
setplot-xmax
setplot-xrange
plot-xmin
Description:
Returns the current minimum x-value of the plot.
Related Commands:
plot-xmax
plot-ymin
setplot-xmin
setplot-xrange
plot-ylabel
Description:
Returns the value of the label of the y-axis of the graph.
Related Commands:
plot-xlabel
setplot-ylabel
plot-ymax
Description:
Returns the current maximum y-value of the plot.
Related Commands:
plot-xmax
plot-ymin
setplot-ymax
setplot-yrange
plot-ymin
Description:
Returns the current minimum y-value of the plot.
Related Commands:
plot-xmin
plot-ymax
setplot-ymin
setplot-yrange
plotid
number
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the current plot to number, where number is the id number of an existing plot. Plot procedures now operate on this current plot.
Examples:
plotid 2
sets the current plot to plot number 2
Notes:
This command does not change the name of the plot, it just changes which of the plots is currently being addressed.
Related Commands:
plot
pp
view-plot
plotxy
x-value y-value
Parameters:
x-value |
Number |
|
y-value |
Number |
|
Description:
Plots a point at the location (x-value, y-value). This procedure is used for X-Y plots and scatterplots.
Examples:
plotxy 1 1
plots a point at the coordinate (1,1).
Related Commands:
plot
position
item [list of data]
Parameters:
item |
Integer |
|
[list of data] |
List or string |
|
Description:
Returns the position of item in the [list of data]
Examples:
position 1 [6 7 1]
returns 3
Related Commands:
item
list
member?
remove
remove-element
sentence
setitem
pp
number
Parameters:
Description:
Selects the plot pen specified by number. Subsequent plotting commands are executed by the selected plot pen. There are ten plot pens, numbered 1 through 10. The space between pp and integer is optional.
Examples:
pp 1
selects the first plot pen
Related Commands:
plot
plotid
ppc
ppd
ppreset
ppu
ppxcor
ppycor
setppc
ppc
Description:
Returns the current plot pen color.
Related Commands:
pp
ppd
ppreset
ppu
ppxcor
ppycor
setppc
ppd
Description:
Puts the plot pen down, so that it draws connected graphs.
Related Commands:
pp
ppc
ppd
ppreset
ppu
ppxcor
ppycor
ppreset
Description:
Clears everything that the currently selected plot pen has drawn and resets it position to (0,0).
Related Commands:
plot
pp
ppc
ppd
ppreset
ppu
ppxcor
ppycor
ppu
Description:
Lifts up the plot pen, so that it plots points individually (not connected).
Related Commands:
pp
ppc
ppd
ppreset
ppxcor
ppycor
ppxcor
Description:
Returns the x-value of the current plot pen.
Related Commands:
pp
ppc
ppd
ppreset
ppu
ppycor
ppycor
Description:
Returns the y-value of the current plot pen.
Related Commands:
pp
ppc
ppd
ppreset
ppu
ppxcor
print
string/numbers
Parameters:
Description:
Prints the string/numbers in the output window followed by a carriage return.
Examples:
print color-of 0
prints the color of the turtle with who
0.
Related Commands:
print-status
show
type
print-status
string/numbers
Parameters:
Description:
Prints the
string/numbers to the status bar. The status bar is located at the bottom left of the Interface Window, to the right of the X and Y coordinates.
It prints to the browser's status bar when a project is running as an applet.
Examples:
print-status color-of 0
prints the color of the turtle with who
0.
Related Commands:
print
show
type
project-name
Description:
returns the current filename of the project. Returns false if no filename has been set yet.
Related Commands:
info-name
output-name
save-project
save-project-as
set-project-name
pstamp-at
xcor ycor color
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
|
ycor |
Number |
|
color |
Color |
|
Description:
Allows patches to set the color of the turtle xcor patches in the x-direction and ycor patches in the y-direction away to color.
Examples:
pstamp-at 1 1 blue
commands the patch to set the color of the turtles one unit to the right and one unit above the called patch to the color blue.
Related Commands:
pstamp
pstamp-towards
stamp-at
pstamp-towards
angle distance color
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
color |
Color |
|
Description:
Allows patches to set the color of the turtle distance units away at an angle of angle to color.
Examples:
pstamp-towards 0 1 blue
sets the color of the turtles one unit directly ahead of the called patch to the color blue.
Related Commands:
pstamp
pstamp-at
stamp-towards
purple
Description:
violet
reports 115, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
red
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
random
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
upper-limit of range of random numbers to generate |
Description:
Reports a random number between 0 and number, including 0 but not number, based on a uniform distribution.
Examples:
random 2
reports either 0 or 1, each with fifty percent probability.
Notes:
StarLogo uses the random generator provided by Java, which, as of now, is a linear congruential formula (Knuth Art of Computer Programming, Vol 2, Section 3.2.1.), which uses a 48-bit seed. StarLogo only allows you to set 32 bits of this seed.
Related Commands:
pick
random-gaussian
set-random-seed
setrandom-seed
random-gaussian
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
standard deviation of Gaussian distribution |
Description:
Reports a random number with mean 0 and standard deviation number.
Examples:
random-gaussian 5
returns a random number with mean 0 and standard deviation 5.
Notes:
StarLogo uses the random generator provided by Java, which, as of now, is a linear congruential formula (Knuth Art of Computer Programming, Vol 2, Section 3.2.1.), which uses a 48-bit seed. StarLogo only allows you to set 32 bits of this seed.
Related Commands:
random
set-random-seed
setrandom-seed
red
Description:
red reports 15, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
sky
turquoise
white
yellow
remove
index [list]
Parameters:
index |
Number |
position in list of element to remove |
[list] |
List |
list with element to remove |
Description:
Reports the new list with the element in the index position removed from the specified list. The input list is not changed.
Examples:
remove 5 [2 4 6 8 10 12]
reports [2 4 6 8 12].
Related Commands:
insert
item
list
member?
position
remove-element
sentence
setitem
remove-element
element [list]
Parameters:
element |
Anything |
element to be removed |
[list] |
List |
list with element to be removed |
Description:
Reports the new list when all instances of the specified element are removed from list. The input list is not changed.
Examples:
remove-element [1 2] [3 [4 5] [1 2] 6 [1 2]]
returns [3 [4 5] 6]
Notes:
"=" is used as the comparison operator.
Related Commands:
item
list
member?
position
remove
sentence
setitem
repeat
number [list of commands]
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number of times to iterate |
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands to run on each iteration |
Description:
Do [list of commands] number times.
Examples:
repeat 4 [fd 4 lt 90]
makes turtles move forward 4 steps and then turn left 90 degrees 4 times.
Related Commands:
loop
reset-timer (resett)
Description:
Resets the timer.
Examples:
If you want to time how long a process takes, do this:
reset-timer fd 1000 show timer
Related Commands:
timer
reverse
[list]
Parameters:
[list] |
List |
list to be reversed |
Description:
Reports the new list with the order of the elements in [list] reversed. The input [list] is not changed.
Examples:
reverse [1 2 3]
reports the list [3 2 1].
Related Commands:
fput
list
lput
sentence
round
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
number to be rounded |
Description:
Reports the integer closest to number.
Examples:
round 4.6
returns 5.
Related Commands:
int
save-info
Description:
Saves the information window.
Related Commands:
info-name
save-info-as
save-output
save-project
save-info-as
Description:
Saves the information window using a different name than presently specified. A dialog box will appear to ask for the new file name.
Related Commands:
info-name
save-info
save-output-as
save-project-as
save-next-version
Description:
Saves the current project using the same name as the previous version except with a number at the end, incremented by one each time a new version is saved.
Examples:
If the current project is called Turtles1.slogo, save-next-version
will save the current project as Turtles2.slogo.
Related Commands:
save-project
save-project-as
save-output
Description:
Saves output window to a file.
Related Commands:
output-name
save-info
save-output-as
save-project
set-output-name
save-output-as
Description:
Saves the output window using a different name than presently specified. A dialog box will appear to ask for the new file name.
Related Commands:
output-name
save-info-as
save-output
save-project-as
set-output-name
save-project
Description:
Saves the current project to a file.
Related Commands:
project-name
save-info
save-next-version
save-output
save-project-as
set-project-name
save-project-as
Description:
Saves the current project using a different name than presently specified. A dialog box will appear to ask for the new file name.
Related Commands:
project-name
save-info-as
save-next-version
save-output-as
save-project
set-project-name
scheduler
Description:
Reports the current scheduler, either 'fixed' or 'random'.
Related Commands:
get-scheduler-random-seed
set-scheduler-random-seed
switch-scheduler
screen-half-height
Description:
Returns half of the height of the screen.
Related Commands:
screen-half-width
screen-height
screen-width
screen-half-width
Description:
Returns half of the width of the screen.
Related Commands:
screen-half-height
screen-height
screen-width
screen-height
Description:
Returns the height of the screen. The height is always an odd number, and the lowest possible value is 3. To change the screen-height
, drag the mouse over the graphics canvas and use the handles to resize it.
Related Commands:
screen-half-height
screen-half-width
screen-width
screen-width
Description:
Returns width of the screen. The width is always an odd number, and the lowest possible value is 3. To change the screen-width
, drag the mouse over the graphics canvas and use the handles to resize it.
Related Commands:
screen-half-height
screen-half-width
screen-height
sdev-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Returns the standard deviation of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed-with
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed
sdev-of-breed-with
[first list of commands] [second list of commands]
Parameters:
[first list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
[second list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Returns the standard deviation of the [second list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs that satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [first list of commands].
Examples:
sdev-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the standard deviation of the speed of all the red turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [second list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [second list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed-with
sdev-of-list
list
Parameters:
Description:
Reports the standard deviation of the given list.
Examples:
sdev-of-list [2 2 2]
returns 0.
Notes:
If list contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some elements of the list, when evaluated, are not numbers, those elements are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-list
max-of-list
median-of-list
min-of-list
min-of-patches
mode-of-list
mode-of-patches
sort-num-list
sum-of-list
variance-of-list
sdev-of-patches
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Returns the standard deviation of the given [list of commands] when evaluated across all the patches.
Examples:
sdev-of-patches [food]
returns the stadard deviation of the food amongst all the patches.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
max-of-patches
median-of-patches
min-of-patches
mode-of-patches
sdev-of-patches-with
sum-of-patches
variance-of-patches
sdev-of-patches-with
[first list of commands] [second list of commands]
Parameters:
[first list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
[second list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Returns the standard deviation of the [second list of commands] when evaluated across all the patches that satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [first list of commands].
Examples:
sdev-of-patches-with [color = red] [food]
returns the standard deviation of the food of all the red patches.
Notes:
If [second list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [second list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
max-of-patches-with
median-of-patches-with
min-of-patches-with
mode-of-patches-with
sdev-of-patches
sum-of-patches-with
variance-of-patches-with
sdev-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Returns the standard deviation of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles.
Examples:
sdev-of-turtles [speed]
returns the standard devation of the speed of all the turtles.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-breed
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles-with
[first list of commands] [second list of commands]
Parameters:
[first list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
[second list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Returns the standard deviation of the [second list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [first list of commands].
Examples:
sdev-of-turtles-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the standard deviation of the speed of all the red turtles.
Notes:
If [second list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [second list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
sentence (se)
anything1 anything2
Parameters:
anything1 |
Anything |
|
anything2 |
Anything |
|
Description:
Returns a list. If anything1 and anything2 are lists, it concatenates the two lists (combines their items into one list). If anything1 is a list and anything2 is not, it puts anything2 at the end of the first list. If anything1 is not a list and anything2 is a list, it puts anything1 at the front of the second list. If both anything1 and arg2 are not lists, it creates a new list containing both anything1 and anything2.
Examples:
se 1 2
returns
[1 2]
se [1] 2
returns [1 2]
se 1 [2]
returns [1 2]
se [1] [2]
returns [1 2]
Related Commands:
butfirst
butlast
copy-list
empty?
fput
length
list
lput
make-list
pick
position
remove
remove-element
reverse
sublist
to-list
set
set value
Parameters:
set |
Variable |
variable that gets redefined |
value |
Anything |
value to be assigned to variable |
Description:
Assigns value to set, where set is any variable which has already been declared. For more information on local variables, see the Variables page.
Examples:
set energy 5
makes the variable energy
have value 5
for every turtle, assuming energy
has been declared as a turtle variable.
Related Commands:
let
setslidervar
setvariable
setvariable-at
setvariable-of
setvariable-towards
variable
set-count-plot-pens
number
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the number of plot pens to number.
Examples:
set-count-plot-pens 2
sets the number of plot pens to 2
.
Related Commands:
count-plot-pens
set-info-name
name
Parameters:
name |
String |
The name of the file |
Description:
Sets the name of the file that the info window will be saved as to name.
Related Commands:
set-output-name
set-project-name
set-output-name
name
Parameters:
name |
String |
name of the file |
Description:
Sets the name of the file that the output window will be saved as to name
Examples:
set-output-name filename
sets the name of the output file to filename
Related Commands:
output-name
save-output
save-output-as
set-info-name
set-project-name
set-project-name
name
Parameters:
name |
String |
The name for the project |
Description:
Sets the name of the current project to name.
Examples:
set-project-name "rabbits"
sets the name of the current project to "rabbits"
.
Related Commands:
project-name
save-project
save-project-as
set-info-name
set-output-name
set-random-seed
num
Parameters:
num |
Integer |
The seed for the random number generator |
Description:
Sets the random seed to num. Integers allowed are in the range -231 to 231-1.
Notes:
StarLogo uses the random generator provided by Java, which, as of now, is a linear congruential formula (Knuth Art of Computer Programming, Vol 2, Section 3.2.1.), which uses a 48-bit seed. StarLogo only allows you to set 32 bits of this seed.
Related Commands:
get-random-seed
random
random-gaussian
set-scheduler-random-seed
seed
Parameters:
seed |
Integer |
The seed for the random number generator |
Description:
Sets the random seed of the thread scheduler to
seed. Integers allowed are in the range -2^31 to 2^31-1.
This is not the same seed as used by the random
command.
Notes:
Note: StarLogo uses the random generator provided by Java, which, as of now, is a linear congruential formula (Knuth Art of Computer Programming, Vol 2, Section 3.2.1.), which uses a 48-bit seed. StarLogo only allows you to set 32 bits of this seed.
Related Commands:
get-scheduler-random-seed
scheduler
switch-scheduler
setbg
color
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the color of all the patches to color.
Examples:
setbg blue
sets the color of all the patches to blue.
Related Commands:
ask-patches
patchcolor
setpc
setbreed-at
xcor ycor breedname
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
x offset |
ycor |
Number |
y offset |
breedname |
Breed |
|
Description:
Sets the breed of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to breedname.
Examples:
setbreed-at 1 1 fish
sets the breed of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to fish
.
Related Commands:
breed-at
setbreed
setbreed-of
setbreed-towards
setbreed-of
number breedname
Parameters:
number |
Number |
|
breedname |
Breed |
|
Description:
Sets the breed of the turtle with who number number to the breed breedname.
Examples:
setbreed-of 2 fish
sets the breed of the turtle with who number 2
to fish
.
Related Commands:
breed-of
setbreed
setbreed-at
setbreed-towards
setbreed-towards
angle distance breedname
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
breedname |
Breed |
|
Description:
Sets the breed of the turtle angle away in the direction arg2
to breedname.
Examples:
setbreed towards 0 1 fish
sets the breed of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller to fish
.
Related Commands:
breed-towards
setbreed
setbreed-at
setbreed-of
setc-at
xcor ycor color
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
|
ycor |
Number |
|
color |
Color |
|
Description:
Sets the color of the turtle at (xcor, ycor) to color.
Examples:
setc-at 1 1 0
sets the color of the turtle at (1,1)
to black
.
Related Commands:
color-at
setc-of
setc-towards
setcolor
setc-of
turtleid color
Parameters:
turtleid |
Number |
who number of the turtle whose color should be changed |
color |
Color |
|
Description:
Sets the color of the turtle with ID turtleid$ to color color.
Examples:
setc-of 2 0
sets the color of the turtle with who number 2
to black
.
Related Commands:
color-of
setc-at
setc-towards
setcolor
setc-towards
angle distance color
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
color |
Color |
|
Description:
Sets the color of the turtle angle away at angle distance from the caller to color.
Examples:
setc-towards 0 1 0
sets the color of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller to black
.
Related Commands:
color-towards
setc-at
setc-of
setcolor
seth-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the heading of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to $arg3.
Examples:
seth-at 1 1 5
sets the heading of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to 5
.
Related Commands:
heading-at
seth-of
seth-towards
setheading
seth-of
seth-of heading
Parameters:
seth-of |
Number |
turtleid |
heading |
Number |
the angle to which the turtle's heading should be set |
Description:
Sets the heading of the turtle with ID seth-of to heading.
Examples:
seth-of 45
sets the heading of the turtle with who number 2
to 45
.
Related Commands:
heading-of
seth-at
seth-towards
setheading
seth-towards
angle distance heading
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
heading |
Number |
|
Description:
seth-towards 0 1 45
sets the heading of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller to 45
.
Related Commands:
heading-towards
seth-at
seth-of
setheading
setitem
setitem list newvalue
Parameters:
setitem |
Integer |
position in the list |
list |
List |
list of items |
newvalue |
Anything |
item to be inserted into the list |
Description:
Sets the item at position setitem in list list to newvalue.
Examples:
setitem 2 [1 3 3 4] 5
changes the list to [1 5 3 4]
.
Related Commands:
item
member?
position
remove
remove-element
setpc (setpatchcolor)
color
Parameters:
Description:
This command is run as a patch command inside an ask-patches
statement. The patches being asked will set their color to color. Use stamp if you want to have a turtle change the color of a patch.
Examples:
ask-patches [setpc blue]
commands the patches to set their color to blue
.
Related Commands:
patchcolor
scale-pc
setbg
stamp
setpendown?-at
xcor ycor boolean
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
|
ycor |
Number |
|
boolean |
Boolean |
|
Description:
Sets the pendown state of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and $ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to boolean.
Examples:
setpendown?-at 1 1 true
sets the pendown state of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to true
.
Related Commands:
pendown
pendown?-at
penup
setpendown?-of
number boolean
Parameters:
number |
Number |
|
boolean |
Boolean |
|
Description:
Sets the pendown state of the turtle with who number number to boolean.
Examples:
setpendown?-of 2 true
sets the pendown state of the turtle with who number 2
to true
.
Related Commands:
pendown
pendown?-of
penup
setpendown?-towards
angle distance boolean
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
|
distance |
Number |
|
boolean |
Number |
|
Description:
Sets the pendown state of a turtle at distance angle away at angle distance of the caller to boolean.
Examples:
setpendown?-towards 0 1 true
sets the pendown state of a turtle one unit directly in front of the caller to true
.
Related Commands:
pendown
penup
setplot-title
name
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the title of the plot to name.
Examples:
setplot-title "fire"
sets the title of the current plot to the name "fire"
.
Related Commands:
plot-title
setplot-xlabel
label
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the label of the x-axis of the graph to label.
Related Commands:
plot-xlabel
setplot-ylabel
setplot-xmax
value
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the maximum value of the x-axis to be value.
Related Commands:
plot-xmax
setplot-xmin
setplot-xrange
setplot-xmin
value
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the minimum value of the x-axis to be value.
Related Commands:
plot-xmin
setplot-xmax
setplot-xrange
setplot-xrange
min max
Parameters:
min |
Number |
the minimum value of the x-axis |
max |
Number |
the maximum value of the x-axis |
Description:
Sets the minimum value of the x-axis to be min and the maximum value of the x-axis to be max.
Related Commands:
plot-xmax
plot-xmin
setplot-xmax
setplot-xmin
setplot-ylabel
label
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the label of the y-axis of the graph to label.
Related Commands:
plot-ylabel
setplot-xlabel
setplot-ymax
value
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the maximum value of the y-axis to be value.
Related Commands:
plot-ymax
setplot-ymin
setplot-yrange
setplot-ymin
value
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the minimum value of the y-axis to be value.
Related Commands:
plot-ymin
setplot-ymax
setplot-yrange
setplot-yrange
min max
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the minimum value of the y-axis to be min and the maximum value of the y-axis to be max.
Related Commands:
plot-ymax
plot-ymin
setplot-ymax
setplot-ymin
setppc
color
Parameters:
Description:
Sets the color of the current plot pen to be color.
Examples:
setppc black
sets the current plot pen to black
.
Related Commands:
pp
ppc
setrandom-seed
seed
Parameters:
seed |
Integer |
The new seed |
Description:
Sets the random seed to seed. Integers allowed are in the range -(2^31) to (2^31 -1). Don't pick 0.
Examples:
set-random-seed 345612
sets the random-seed to 345612
.
Notes:
StarLogo uses the random generator provided by Java, which, as of now, is a linear congruential formula (Knuth Art of Computer Programming, Vol 2, Section 3.2.1.), which uses a 48-bit seed. StarLogo only allows you to set the bottom 32 bits of this seed.
Related Commands:
get-random-seed
random
random-gaussian
setshape-at
xcor ycor shape-name-or-number
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
Distance in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
Distance in the y direction |
shape-name-or-number |
Number |
The name or number of the shape |
Description:
Turtles xcor units to the right and ycor units up of the caller, set their shape to shape-name-or-number.
Examples:
setshape-at 1 2 person-shape
causes the turtle one to the right and two units above the caller to set its shape to person-shape
.
Notes:
Names for shapes can be found and edited in the Shape Chooser window.
Related Commands:
setshape
setshape-of
setshape-towards
shape-at
setshape-of
who-number shape-name-or-number
Parameters:
who-number |
Integer |
The who id of a turtle |
shape-name-or-number |
Number |
The name or number of a shape |
Description:
Turtle with ID who-number sets its shape to shape-name-or-number.
Examples:
setshape-of one-of-turtles-here turtle-shape
sets the shape of one of the turtles on this spot (not including yourself) to the turtle-shape
.
Notes:
Names for shapes can be found and edited in the Shape Chooser window.
Related Commands:
setshape
setshape-at
setshape-towards
shape-of
setshape-towards
angle distance shape-name-or-number
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
An angle from 0 to 360 |
distance |
Number |
A number of units away |
shape-name-or-number |
Number |
The name or number of a shape |
Description:
The turtle distance units away at angle angle from the caller sets its shape to shape-name-or-number.
Examples:
setshape-towards 0 2 3
causes the turtle two patches directly ahead of the caller to set its shape to shape 3.
Related Commands:
setshape
setshape-at
setshape-of
shape-towards
setshown?-at
xcor ycor value
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
The distance in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
The distance in the y direction |
value |
Boolean |
An expression that returns true or false |
Description:
Sets the visibility of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to value.
Examples:
setshown?-at 1 1 true
sets the visibility of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to true.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
shown?-at
showturtle
setshown?-of
who-number value
Parameters:
who-number |
Integer |
The who id of a turtle |
value |
Boolean |
An expression that returns true or false |
Description:
Sets the visibility of the turtle with ID who-number to value.
Examples:
setshown?-of 2 true
sets the visibility of the turtle with ID 2 to true.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
shown?-of
showturtle
setshown?-towards
angle distance value
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
An angle from 0 to 360 |
distance |
Number |
The distance away in steps |
value |
Number |
An expression that returns true or false |
Description:
Sets the visibility of a turtle distance away at an angle of angle from the caller to value.
Examples:
setshown?-towards -25 -25
true sets the visibility of a turtle 25 units to the left and 25 units down from the caller to true.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
shown?-towards
showturtle
setslidervar
value
Parameters:
value |
Number |
The value you want to set the slider to |
Description:
Sets the value of a slider variable (named in the command name) to value from within code.
Examples:
setnumber-of-turtles 100
would set the value of the slider number-of-turtles
to 100
.
Related Commands:
set
setvariable
value
Parameters:
value |
Anything |
the value to set the variable to |
Description:
Sets the variable
to the value specified
Examples:
setheight 5
Sets the height of the caller to 5.
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
set
setvariable-at
setvariable-of
setvariable-towards
variable
setvariable-at
xcor ycor value
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
value |
Anything |
value to set the variable to |
Description:
Sets the value of the variable
of the turtle xcor units away in the x direction and ycor units away in the y direction to the value value
Examples:
setheight-at 1 1 5
sets the height of the turtle one unit away in the x direction and one unit away in the y direction to 5
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
set
setvariable
setvariable-of
setvariable-towards
variable-at
setvariable-of
number value
Parameters:
number |
Number |
who of a turtle |
value |
Anything |
value to set the variable to |
Description:
Sets the variable
specified of the turtle number to the value value
Examples:
setspots-of 5 10
sets the number of spots of turtle number 5 to 10
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
set
setvariable
setvariable-at
setvariable-towards
variable-of
setvariable-towards
angle distance value
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
value |
Anything |
value to set the variable to |
Description:
Sets the value of the variable
specified at distance distance and angle angle from the caller to value
Examples:
sethappiness-towards 0 1 5
sets the happiness of the turtle directly in front of and one space beyond the caller to 5
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
set
setvariable
setvariable-at
setvariable-of
variable-towards
setxcor-at (setx-at)
xcor ycor coordinate
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
A horizontal distance |
ycor |
Number |
A vertical distance |
coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to coordinate.
Examples:
setxcor-at 1 1 5
sets the x-coodinate of the turtle one unit above and one unit to the right of the caller to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor
setxcor-of
setxcor-towards
setxy-at
setycor-at
xcor-at
setxcor-of (setx-of)
who-number x-coordinate
Parameters:
who-number |
Integer |
The who id of a turtle |
x-coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle with ID who-number to x-coordinate.
Examples:
setxcor-of 2 5
sets the x-coordinate of turtle 2 to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor
setxcor-at
setxcor-towards
setxy-of
setycor-of
xcor-of
setxcor-towards (setx-towards)
angle distance x-coordinate
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
An angle from 0 to 360 |
distance |
Number |
A number of units away |
x-coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle distance away at an angle of angle from the caller to x-coordinate.
Examples:
setxcor-towards 0 1 5
sets the x-coordinate of the turtle one unit above the caller to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor
setxcor-at
setxcor-of
setxy-towards
setycor-towards
xcor-towards
setxy-at
xcor ycor x-coordinate y-coordinate
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
A distance along the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
A distance along the y direction |
x-coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
y-coordinate |
Number |
A coordinate on the y-axis |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to xcor and sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to ycor.
Examples:
setxy-at 1 1 5 6
sets the x-coordinate of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to 5, and it also sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to 6.
Related Commands:
setxcor-at
setxy
setxy-of
setxy-towards
setycor-at
setxy-of
who-number xcor ycor
Parameters:
who-number |
Number |
The who id of a turtle |
xcor |
Number |
A coordinate on the x-axis |
ycor |
Number |
A coordinate on the y-axis |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle with ID who-number to xcor and sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to ycor.
Examples:
setxy-of 1 2 3
sets the x-coordinate of the turtle with who ID 1 to 2, and it also sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to 3.
Related Commands:
setxcor-of
setxy
setxy-at
setxy-towards
setycor-of
setxy-towards
angle distance number1 number2
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
number1 |
Number |
x-coordinate to set |
number2 |
Number |
y-coordinate to set |
Description:
Sets the x-coordinate of the turtle distance away at angle angle from the caller to number1 and sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to number2.
Examples:
setxy-towards 0 1 4 5
sets the x-coordinate of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller to 4, and also sets the y-coordinate of the same turtle to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor-towards
setxy
setxy-at
setxy-of
setycor-at (sety-at)
xcor ycor number
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of units away in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
number of units away in the y direction |
number |
Number |
the value to set the y-coordinate to |
Description:
Sets the y-coordinate of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller to number.
Examples:
setycor-at 1 1 5
sets the y-coordinate of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor-at
setxy-at
setycor
setycor-of
setycor-towards
ycor-at
setycor-of (sety-of)
number1 number2
Parameters:
number1 |
Number |
who of a turtle |
number2 |
Number |
y-coordinate to be set |
Description:
Sets the y-coordinate of the turtle with who number number1 to number2.
Examples:
setycor-of 2 5
sets the y-coordinate of the turtle with who
number 2 to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor-of
setxy-of
setycor
setycor-at
setycor-towards
ycor-of
setycor-towards (sety-towards)
angle distance number
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
number |
Number |
y-coordinate that will be set |
Description:
Sets the y-coordinate of the turtle distance away at angle angle from the caller to number.
Examples:
setycor-towards 0 1 5
sets the y-coordinate of the turtle one unit above and one unit to the right of the caller to 5.
Related Commands:
setxcor-towards
setycor
setycor-at
setycor-of
ycor-towards
shape-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of units away in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
number of units away in the y direction |
Description:
Returns the shape of the turtle xcor units to the right and ycor units above the caller.
Examples:
shape-at 0 1
returns the shape of the turtle one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
setshape-at
shape
shape-of
shape-towards
shape-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Integer |
Who number |
Description:
Reports the shape of the turtle with who number number.
Examples:
show shape-of 34
prints the shape of turtle 34 to the command center.
Related Commands:
setshape-of
shape
shape-at
shape-towards
shape-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from the caller |
Description:
Returns the shape of the turtle distance patches away at heading angle from the caller.
Examples:
shape-towards 0 1
returns the shape of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
setshape-towards
shape
shape-at
shape-of
show
anything
Parameters:
Description:
Prints anything in the command center that calls show.
Related Commands:
print
print-status
type
shown?-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
Description:
Reports whether the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller is visible.
Examples:
shown?-at 1 1
reports whether the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller is visible.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
setshown?-at
shown?
shown?-of
shown?-towards
showturtle
shown?-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Number |
who of a turtle |
Description:
Reports whether the turtle with who number number is visible.
Examples:
shown?-of 2
reports whether the turtle with who number 2 is visible.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
setshown?-of
shown?
shown?-at
shown?-towards
showturtle
shown?-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from the caller |
Description:
Reports whether the turtle distance away at an angle of angle from the caller is visible.
Examples:
shown?-towards 0 1
reports whether the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller is visible.
Related Commands:
hideturtle
setshown?-towards
shown?
shown?-at
shown?-of
showturtle
sin
number
Parameters:
Description:
Trigonometry function. Returns the sine of the specified angle. All angles are in degrees.
Examples:
sin 30
returns .5
.
Related Commands:
acos
asin
atan
cos
tan
sky
Description:
sky reports 95, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
turquoise
white
yellow
sort-num-list
list-of-data
Parameters:
list-of-data |
List or string |
|
Description:
Returns the list list-of-data sorted in increasing order. All elements of the list must be numbers.
Examples:
sort-num-list [3 1 2]
returns [1 2 3]
Related Commands:
max-of-list
min-of-list
mode-of-list
sdev-of-list
sort-num-list
sum-of-list
variance-of-list
sqrt
number
Parameters:
Description:
Finds the square root of number.
Examples:
sqrt 16
returns 4
stamp-at
xcor ycor color
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of patches away in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
number of patches away in the y direction |
color |
Number |
color to set |
Description:
Sets the color of the patch at xcor ycor relative to the caller to color.
Examples:
stamp-at 1 1 0
sets the color of the patch one unit to the right and one unit above the caller to black (color 0).
Related Commands:
pc-at
pstamp-at
stamp
stamp-towards
stamp-towards
angle distance color
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from the caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from the caller |
color |
Number |
color to set |
Description:
Sets the color of the patch distance away at an angle angle from the caller to color.
Examples:
stamp-towards 0 1 0
sets the color of the patch one unit directly in front of the caller to black (color 0).
Related Commands:
pc-towards
pstamp-towards
stamp
stamp-at
startbuttonname
Description:
Starts the button of name buttonname
Examples:
startgo
will start the button named go
Related Commands:
stopbuttonname
startup
Description:
This is a special procedure name. Anything within the startup procedure will be executed each time the project is opened.
Examples:
to startup
clear-turtles ;save the patches
crt 100
ask-turtles [setc blue]
end
This process of clearing the turtles, and creating 100 new blue ones will occur everytime the project is opened.
Related Commands:
end
to
stop
Description:
Exits the current procedure immediately.
Examples:
to check-patch-color
if pc-ahead = red [rt 90 stop]
if pc-ahead = green [lt 90 stop]
fd 1
end
This procedure will cause turtles to turn right and then exit the procedure if the the patch ahead is red, turn left and exit the procedure if the patch ahead is green, and only move forward one if the patch ahead was not green or red.
Notes:
Note: stop does not stop any callers of the procedure, only the procedure itself.
Related Commands:
end
loop
output
to
stopall
Description:
Tells everything to stop running, including procedures, buttons, monitors, and command centers.
Related Commands:
stopbuttonname
stopbuttonname
Description:
Stops the button of name buttonname
Examples:
stopgo
will stop the button named go
Related Commands:
startbuttonname
stopall
sublist
list begin end
Parameters:
list |
List |
List that you want to subset |
begin |
Integer |
The beginning index that you want to keep |
end |
Integer |
The ending index that you want to keep |
Description:
Return a new list that is a subset of the original list. The new list will be end - begin + 1 elements long, and will contain the elements of list from and including begin up to end.
Examples:
sublist [1 2 3 4 5] 2 4
returns [2 3 4]
.
sublist [1 2 3 4 5] 0 0
returns [1]
.
sublist [1 2 3 4 5] 4 5
returns [4 5]
.
Related Commands:
list
sentence
to-list
sum-of-breed
[list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that return a number |
Description:
Reports the sum of [list-of-commands] for all the turtles of the breed specified.
Examples:
sum-of-frogs [weight]
returns the sum of all the frogs' weights.
sum-of-cars [speed]
returns the sum of all the cars' weights.
Notes:
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed-with
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-breed
sum-of-breed-with
[condition] [list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evalutes to true or false |
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that return a number |
Description:
Reports the total value of [list-of-commands] when run over the turtles of the breed specified that satisfy [condition]. If there are no turtles of the specified breedin which [list-of-commands] is true, 0
is returned.
Notes:
Note: This command can
also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-breed-with
sum-of-list
list
Parameters:
list |
List |
List of numbers |
Description:
Returns the sum of the numbers in the list.
Examples:
sum-of-list [1 2 -3 4.5 5]
returns 9.5
.
Notes:
Note: If list contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the list, when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-list
max-of-list
median-of-list
min-of-list
mode-of-list
sdev-of-list
sort-num-list
variance-of-list
sum-of-patches
[list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that return a number |
Description:
Reports the sum of [list-of-commands] for every patch.
Examples:
show sum-of-patches [food]
prints the total amount of food in the world.
Related Commands:
average-of-patches
max-of-patches
median-of-patches
min-of-patches
mode-of-patches
sdev-of-patches
sum-of-patches-with
variance-of-patches
sum-of-patches-with
[condition] [list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands that evaluates to either true or false |
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands that returns a number |
Description:
Reports the total value of [list-of-commands] when run over the turtles that satisfy [condition]. If there are no patches in which [condition] is true, it reports 0
.
Examples:
sum-of-patches-with [pc = green or pc = blue] [density]
returns the sum of the densities of all patches which are blue or green.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches statement.
Related Commands:
average-of-patches-with
max-of-patches-with
median-of-patches-with
min-of-patches-with
mode-of-patches-with
sdev-of-patches-with
sum-of-patches
variance-of-patches-with
sum-of-turtles
[list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands which evaluate to a number |
Description:
Reports the sum of [list-of-commands] for every turtle.
Examples:
show sum-of-turtles [weight * weight]
prints the sum of every turtle's weight squared.
Notes:
When a turtle calls the command, it is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-breed
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list-of-commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
list of commands which returns either true or false |
[list-of-commands] |
List of commands |
list of commands which returns a number |
Description:
Reports the total value of [list-of-commands] when run over the turtles that satisfy [condition]. If there are no turtles in which the [condition] is true, returns 0
.
Examples:
sum-of-turtles-with [color = red] [age]
returns the sum of the ages of all the red turtles.
Notes:
This command can also be executed by patches, for example within an ask-patches
statement.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-breed-with
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-turtles-with
switch-scheduler
Description:
Toggles back and forth between fixed order scheduling and randomized scheduling.
Related Commands:
get-scheduler-random-seed
scheduler
set-scheduler-random-seed
tan
angle
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
Angle in degrees |
Description:
Trigonometric function. Returns the tangent of the specified angle. All angles are in degrees.
Examples:
tan 45
returns 1
Related Commands:
acos
asin
atan
cos
sin
timer
Description:
Reports the current value of the timer in seconds (since the last call to
reset-timer
).
Each thread of execution has its own timer. A thread of execution is started for each turtle when a turtle button is pressed, or code is entered in the turtle command center. A thread of execution is started for the observer if an observer button is pressed, or code is entered in the observer command center. When turtles, patches or observer are asked to do something (e.g. using ask-turtles, ask-patches or ask-observer), a new timer is created and used for that list-to-run.
Examples:
If you want to time how long it takes for a turtle to move 1000 steps, do this: reset-timer fd 1000 show timer
.
Related Commands:
reset-timer
to
procedure-name
Parameters:
procedure-name |
Anything |
A single word which is the name of the procedure you wish to define |
Description:
When you create a procedure, the first line of it must be
to procedure-name
where
procedure-name is a one-word title for your procedure.
procedure-name cannot be any command already recognized by StarLogo (this includes both built-in commands and the procedure names of other procedures you may already have written).
To add parameters to a procedure, write them after the procedure-name with a colon in front of them, like this:
to my-procedure :x :y :z
Inside the procedure body, you may use :x
, :y
and :z
to refer to the values of the arguments passed in by the caller of the procedure.
All procedures must be ended with the word end
on a line by itself (no comments may be on that line).
Procedures defined in the turtle procedures pane are only callable by turtles. Procedures defined in the observer procedures pane are only callable by the observer. Patches may not have procedures.
Examples:
to go
fd 1
rt 90
end
Now you may use go
as a command in other parts of your program.
Related Commands:
end
output
startup
stop
to-delimited-string
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
|
Description:
Takes a list of instructions (variables, reporters, strings) and separates them with commas and then concatenates them, returning the concatenated string.
Notes:
This function is helpful in outputting to a spreadsheet program.
Related Commands:
to-list
to-string
to-list
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
Commands to execute whose return values will form the list |
Description:
Runs then commands in [list of commands] and makes a new list from each command's return value.
Examples:
globals [foo]
set foo 45
to-list [1 2 + 4 foo]
returns the list [1 6 45]
.
Related Commands:
list
make-list
pick
sentence
sublist
to-delimited-string
to-string
to-string
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of commands |
Commands to execute whose return values will form the string |
Description:
Takes a list of instructions (variables, reporters, strings), executes them, and concatenates their return values, returning the concatenated string.
Related Commands:
to-delimited-string
to-list
towards
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
X coordinate on the screen |
ycor |
Number |
Y coordinate on the screen |
Description:
Returns the angle from the caller's xcor and ycor to the specified absolute position specified by xcor
and ycor
.
Examples:
towards 1 1
returns 45
when run by a turtle at (0, 0)
.
towards 1000 1000
returns 225
when run by a turtle at (0, 0)
and the screen-width and screen-height are both 101.
Notes:
The observer is considered to be located at (0, 0)
.
The StarLogo world wraps, so if you want to know the angle to an xcor
and ycor
that are off the screen, they will be modded by screen-width
and screen-height
until they point to a position within the screen and that angle returned. Thus if you want to see the direction towards (1000, 1000) it might just be off to the lower left of you instead of the upper right.
Related Commands:
distance
distance-nowrap
towards-nowrap
towards-nowrap
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
X coordinate on the screen |
ycor |
Number |
Y coordinate on the screen |
Description:
Returns the angle from the caller's xcor and ycor to the specified absolute position specified by xcor
and ycor
(without wrapping).
Examples:
towards-nowrap 1 1
returns 45
when run by a turtle at (0, 0)
.
towards-nowrap 1000 1000
returns 45
when run by a turtle at (0, 0)
.
Related Commands:
distance
distance-nowrap
towards
turquoise
Description:
turquoise
reports 75
, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
white
yellow
turtles-own
[list of variables]
Parameters:
[list of variables] |
List |
A list of variable names to define as turtle variables |
Description:
Defines a set of variables to be properties of turtles. The
[list of variables] contains one or more names. This line of code should be placed at the top of the Turtle Command Center. It does not go inside procedures.
A variable name may be followed by a list of state values
. This variable may only have the values listed in the state value list. This can be used to assign named constants to a variable instead of using numbers.
Examples:
turtles-own [size energy]
turtles-own [weather [sunny cloudy rainy]]
set weather rainy
set weather cloudy
if weather = sunny [ setcolor yellow ]
Notes:
turtles-own
declarations should appear outside of any procedure, usually at the top of the turtle procedures pane.
turtles-own
declarations can contain more than one variable. If you have more than one turtles-own
, consider consolidating them into a single turtles-own
.
Related Commands:
breeds
globals
patches-own
type
expression
Parameters:
expression |
Anything |
The value you want to print |
Description:
Prints expression in the output window. No carriage return to the next line is printed.
Related Commands:
print
print-status
show
variable
Description:
Returns the value of the variable
specified
Examples:
height
returns the value of the variable named height
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
set
setvariable
variable-at
variable-of
variable-towards
variable-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
number of steps in the x-direction from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
number of steps in the y-direction from the caller |
Description:
Returns the value of the variable
specified at a distance of xcor in the x direction and ycor in the y direction from the caller
Examples:
size-at 1 1
returns the size of the turtle one patch away in the x direction and y patch away in the y direction
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
setvariable-at
variable
variable-of
variable-towards
variable-of
number1
Parameters:
number1 |
Number |
turtle who number |
Description:
Returns the value of the variable
specified for the turtle with who number number1
Examples:
height-of 0
returns the height of turtle number 0
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
setvariable-of
variable
variable-at
variable-towards
variable-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance from caller |
Description:
Returns the value of the variable
specified at an angle of angle and distance of distance away from the caller
Examples:
happiness-towards 0 1
returns the happiness of the turtle directly in front of and one space beyond the caller
Notes:
variables must first be declared in a turtles-own, breeds-own, patches-own or globals
Related Commands:
setvariable-towards
variable
variable-at
variable-of
variance-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the frogs to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of the [list of commands]
when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
.
Examples:
variance-of-frogs [speed]
returns the variance of the speeds of all the turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed
max-of-breed
median-of-breed
min-of-breed
mode-of-breed
sdev-of-breed
sum-of-breed
variance-of-breed-with
variance-of-turtles
variance-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition].
Examples:
variance-of-frogs-with [color = red] [speed]
returns the variance of the speeds of all the red turtles of breed frogs.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-breed-with
max-of-breed-with
median-of-breed-with
min-of-breed-with
mode-of-breed-with
sdev-of-breed-with
sum-of-breed-with
variance-of-breed
variance-of-turtles-with
variance-of-list
[list of values]
Parameters:
[list of values] |
Number |
List of values to average |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of values in the given list.
Examples:
variance-of-list [1 3 5]
returns 2.666
.
Notes:
If [list of values] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of values] are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-list
max-of-list
median-of-list
min-of-list
mode-of-list
sdev-of-list
sort-num-list
sum-of-list
variance-of-patches
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of patch commands |
A list of commands for the patches to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the patches.
Examples:
variance-of-patches [pc]
returns the variance of the patch color of all of the patches.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-patches
max-of-patches
median-of-patches
median-of-patches-with
min-of-patches
mode-of-patches
sdev-of-patches
sum-of-patches
variance-of-patches-with
variance-of-patches-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of patch commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of patch commands |
A list of commands for the patches to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the patches that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition].
Examples:
variance-of-patches-with [color = red] [food]
returns the variance of food of all the red patches.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
Related Commands:
average-of-patches-with
max-of-patches-with
median-of-patches-with
min-of-patches-with
mode-of-patches-with
sdev-of-patches-with
sum-of-patches-with
variance-of-patches
variance-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles.
Examples:
variance-of-turtles [speed]
returns the variance of the speeds of all the turtles.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles
max-of-turtles
median-of-turtles
min-of-turtles
mode-of-turtles
sdev-of-turtles
sum-of-turtles
variance-of-breed
variance-of-turtles-with
variance-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns the numerical variance of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the conditions (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition].
Examples:
variance-of-turtles-with [color = red] [energy]
returns the variance of the energy of all the red turtles.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation
Related Commands:
average-of-turtles-with
max-of-turtles-with
median-of-turtles-with
min-of-turtles-with
mode-of-turtles-with
sdev-of-turtles-with
sum-of-turtles-with
variance-of-breed-with
variance-of-turtles
view-plot
Description:
Opens the plot window for the currently selected plot.
Related Commands:
plot
plotid
wait
seconds
Parameters:
seconds |
Number |
A number of seconds. Decimals are allowed. |
Description:
Caller waits
seconds seconds before continuing.
This command is per-thread - meaning if you have two buttons that each call wait, they will not wait for one another.
Examples:
to crawl
fd 1
wait 2.1
end
crawl
The turtles go forward 1 step and then wait for 2.1 seconds.
Related Commands:
wait-until
wait-until
[condition]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of commands |
A predicate that is run over and over again until it is true. |
Description:
The caller waits until the [condition] is true. This command is used to make a button or procedure stop until some other event in your model occurs.
Examples:
wait-until [game-over = true]
makes the caller wait until the game is over.
Related Commands:
wait
white
Description:
white
reports 9, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
yellow
who-max-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the frogs to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of two elements: the turtle ID with the maximum value of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
, and that maximum value.
Examples:
who-max-of-frogs [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the frog with the most energy and the highest energy value: [2 5]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed-with
who-max-of-turtles
who-min-of-breed
who-max-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of the turtle with the maximum value of [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition]., and the maximum value.
Examples:
who-max-of-frogs-with [color = red] [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the red frog with the most energy and the highest energy value: [2 5]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
If no turtles satisfy [condition], who-max-of-frogs-with
returns [nobody minnum]
.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed
who-max-of-turtles-with
who-min-of-breed-with
who-max-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of two elements: the turtle ID with the maximum value of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles, and that maximum value.
Examples:
who-max-of-turtles [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the turtle with the most energy and the highest energy value: [2 5]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed
who-max-of-turtles-with
who-min-of-turtles
who-max-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of the turtle with the maximum value of [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition], and the maximum value.
Examples:
who-max-of-turtles-with [color = red] [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the red turtle with the most energy and the highest energy value: [2 5]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
If no turtles satisfy [condition], who-max-of-turtles-with
returns [nobody minnum]
.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed-with
who-max-of-turtles
who-min-of-turtles-with
who-min-of-breed
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of two elements: the turtle ID with the minimum value of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
, and that minimum value
Examples:
who-min-of-frogs [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the frog with the least energy and the smallest energy value: [34 0.4]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed
who-min-of-breed-with
who-min-of-turtles
who-min-of-breed-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of the turtle with the minimum value of [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles of breed frogs
that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition]., and the minimum value.
Examples:
who-min-of-frogs-with [color = red] [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the red frog with the least energy and the smallest energy value: [34 0.4]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
If no turtles satisfy [condition], who-min-of-frogs-with
returns [nobody maxnum]
.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-breed-with
who-min-of-breed
who-min-of-turtles
[list of commands]
Parameters:
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of two elements: the turtle ID with the minimum value of the [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles, and that minimum value.
Examples:
who-min-of-turtles [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the turtle with the least energy and the smallest energy value: [34 0.4]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-turtles
who-min-of-breed
who-min-of-turtles-with
who-min-of-turtles-with
[condition] [list of commands]
Parameters:
[condition] |
List of turtle commands |
An expression that returns a true or false value |
[list of commands] |
List of turtle commands |
A list of commands for the turtles to run which returns a number |
Description:
Returns a list of the turtle with the minimum value of [list of commands] when evaluated across all the turtles that satisfy the condition (must return a boolean of true or false) specified by the [condition], and the minimum value.
Examples:
who-min-of-turtles-with [color = red] [energy]
returns a list with the who number of the red turtle with the least energy and the smallest energy value: [34 0.4]
.
Notes:
If [list of commands] contains no numbers, an error occurs. If some of the [list of commands], when evaluated, are not numbers, those values are ignored.
If no turtles satisfy [condition], who-min-of-turtles-with
returns [nobody maxnum]
.
When a turtle calls the command, it, itself, is not included as part of the calculation.
Related Commands:
who-max-of-turtles-with
who-min-of-turtles
word?
thing
Parameters:
Description:
Returns true if thing is a word or string.
Examples:
word? 2
returns true
word? [1 2 3]
returns false
Notes:
See the Data Types documentation for what constitutes a word or string.
Related Commands:
list?
number?
xcor-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units in the x direction away from the caller |
ycor |
Number |
units in the y direction away from the caller |
Description:
Reports the x-coordinate of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
xcor-at 1 1
reports the x-coordinate of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
setxcor-at
xcor
xcor-of
xcor-towards
ycor-at
xcor-of
number
Parameters:
Description:
Reports the x-coordinate of the turtle with who number number.
Examples:
xcor-of 3
returns the x-coordinate of the turtle with who number 3.
Related Commands:
setxcor-of
xcor
xcor-at
xcor-towards
ycor-of
xcor-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle away from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance away from caller |
Description:
Reports the x-coordinate of the turtle distance away at angle angle from the caller.
Related Commands:
setxcor-towards
xcor
xcor-at
xcor-of
ycor-towards
condition1
xor
condition2
Parameters:
condition1 |
Number |
first condition |
condition2 |
Number |
second condition |
Description:
Reports the value of condition1 xor
condition2
Examples:
(energy = 5) xor (size = 4)
returns true if the turtle's energy is 5 or if the turtles size is 4, but not if both are true or neither are true.
Related Commands:
and
not
or
ycor-at
xcor ycor
Parameters:
xcor |
Number |
units away from caller in the x direction |
ycor |
Number |
units away from caller in the y direction |
Description:
Reports the y-coordinate of the turtle xcor units in the x direction and ycor units in the y direction away from the caller.
Examples:
ycor-at 1 1
reports the y-coordinate of the turtle one unit to the right and one unit above the caller.
Related Commands:
setycor-at
xcor-at
ycor
ycor-of
ycor-towards
ycor-of
number
Parameters:
number |
Integer |
Who number |
Description:
Reports the y-coordinate of the turtle with who number number.
Examples:
ycor-of 3
returns the y-coordinate of the turtle with who number 3.
Related Commands:
setycor-of
xcor-of
ycor
ycor-at
ycor-towards
ycor-towards
angle distance
Parameters:
angle |
Number |
angle away from caller |
distance |
Number |
distance away from caller |
Description:
Reports the y-coordinate of the turtle distance away at angle angle from the caller.
Examples:
ycor-towards 0 1
reports the y-coordinate of the turtle one unit directly in front of the caller.
Related Commands:
setycor-towards
xcor-towards
ycor
ycor-at
ycor-of
yellow
Description:
yellow
reports 45
, the number of its particular hue in the color table.
Related Commands:
black
blue
brown
cyan
gray
green
lime
magenta
orange
pink
purple
red
sky
turquoise
white